河西地区土地盐渍化现状分析及改善措施

发布时间：2018-12-18 08:02

【摘要】：河西走廊是古代“丝绸之路”的重要区段,同时也是中国的政治、经济和文化发展较早的地区之一,其灌溉农业有两千多年的历史。近年来,由于河西地区水资源的缺乏及利用不当和社会经济的快速发展,河西走廊地区土地盐渍化问题愈发严重,严重制约了河西走廊地区的发展。对当地土壤盐渍化现状的进行调查、并分析其形成的影响因素,对于控制土壤盐渍化进程、改良和利用大面积盐荒地具有重要意义。本研究对以往有关河西走廊生土地盐渍化的大量文献和国民经济统计资料进行了调查和归纳,并在此基础上,选取地处河西地区的武威市五个村镇,研究了不同灌溉量对土壤盐渍化的影响,得出以下主要结果:1.河西走廊地区盐渍化土地达89.37×104hm2,其中重度盐渍化土地占耕地面积的52%;土地利用率低;土壤盐渍化往往伴随着水资源的匮乏及不合理的配置,导致当地植物生长受到严重影响,部分植物甚至面临灭绝的风险;盐渍化也是是河西地区的水污染日益严重、人居环境恶化的一个重要结果。2.气候因素、自然地理条件(地形和地貌、成土母质、生物积盐作用和水文及水文地质条件)以及人类经济活动是河西走廊土地盐渍化的重要诱发因素。3.通过对武威市五个地区不同灌溉量样地的土壤理化性质进行取样分析,发现灌水多的土壤中电导率、pH值或Na~+含量通常高于灌水少的土壤,因此灌溉量过多会导致土地盐渍化程度加剧。4.总结出适合河西走廊土地盐渍化的改善措施,即:通过水利工程技术措施(包括井-沟-渠相结合的灌溉措施、排水防治土壤盐渍化和灌溉淋盐等)、农业技术措施(包括平整土地、深翻土地、压沙、精耕细作,深翻晒垄、合理灌溉、增施肥料,种植绿肥等)、物理改良措施、化学改良措施、生物改良措施、综合改良措施和建立健全水盐动态监测体系。
[Abstract]:The Hexi Corridor is an important section of the ancient Silk Road, and also one of the early regions of China's political, economic and cultural development. Its irrigated agriculture has a history of more than two thousand years. In recent years, due to the lack of water resources in Hexi region and the rapid development of social economy, the problem of land salinization in Hexi Corridor is becoming more and more serious, which seriously restricts the development of Hexi Corridor. It is of great significance to investigate the present situation of soil salinization and analyze the influencing factors for controlling the process of soil salinization and improving and utilizing a large area of salinization wasteland. In this study, a large number of literature and national economic statistical data on salinization of raw land in Hexi Corridor were investigated and summarized. On this basis, five villages and towns in Wuwei City, located in Hexi area, were selected. The effects of different irrigation amount on soil salinization were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. The salinized land in Hexi Corridor area is 89.37 脳 10 ~ 4hm ~ (2), of which heavy salinization land accounts for 52% of cultivated land, and the land utilization ratio is low. Soil salinization is often accompanied by the lack of water resources and unreasonable allocation, resulting in the serious impact on the growth of local plants, and some plants even face the risk of extinction. Salinization is also an important result of the worsening of water pollution and habitat environment in Hexi area. 2. Climatic factors, natural geographical conditions (topography and geomorphology, soil-forming parent material, bioaccumulation of salt and hydrological and hydrogeological conditions) and human economic activities are important inducing factors of land salinization in Hexi Corridor. Through sampling and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of soil in five areas of Wuwei city, it was found that the electrical conductivity, pH value or Na~ content in the soil with more irrigation were usually higher than those in the soil with less irrigation. Therefore, too much irrigation will lead to increased salinization of land. 4. 4. The improvement measures suitable for land salinization in Hexi Corridor are summarized, that is, through the technical measures of water conservancy engineering (including the irrigation measures of combining well, ditch and canal, drainage prevention of soil salinization and irrigation salinization, etc.), Agricultural technical measures (including land leveling, deep land reclamation, sand compression, intensive ploughing, deep sunning, rational irrigation, increasing fertilizer, growing green manure, etc.), physical improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement, etc. Comprehensive improvement measures and establishment of a sound water and salt dynamic monitoring system.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S156.41

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