重庆不同类型农村生活垃圾产源特征及其堆肥化研究
发布时间：2018-12-18 18:14
【摘要】：随着农村经济的发展、农村居民生活水平的提高,重庆地区农村生活垃圾产量逐渐增加、已成为影响农村生产生活的重要因素,必须引起高度重视,但目前关于重庆农村生活垃圾的研究不多,也缺乏适宜的处理技术。堆肥后农地利用是易分解生活垃圾资源化的一条有效途径,但堆肥产品肥效低、其中的重金属含量高成为限制垃圾堆肥产品农用的关键问题。研究表明,城市污泥与生活垃圾进行混合堆肥,可起到改善堆肥物料的物理结构、调节C/N比、增加堆体氮含量、提高堆肥品质的作用,但关于污泥添加的比例,不同研究者获得的结果不同。针对以上问题,本文选择了重庆江津区慈云镇凉河村、龙华镇燕坝村、蔡家镇鸳鸯村及巴南区界石镇武新村4个不同类型的村庄,对其农村生活垃圾产生特征及处理处置方式进行了调查,研究了生活垃圾与污泥联合堆肥的可行性并确定污泥添加的最佳比例。获得的主要结果如下：1)研究区域4个村落的农村人均生活垃圾分别为0.226±0.168、0.286±0.203、0.217±0.124、0.282±0.123 kg/(人·d),以燕坝村和武新村产生量最高、新农村社区凉河村次之,鸳鸯村最低。4个村的垃圾均以可作为饲料或发酵处理的易腐解有机垃圾为主,占总量的45.0%-55.0%,其次为包装纸和塑料包装袋类,其他成分含量相对较低。根据农村生活垃圾的这种特征,易选用堆肥技术对其进行处置。2)除鸳鸯村生活垃圾常年无人管理外,其余3个村的生活垃圾处理方式主要是：距离垃圾收集圈(房)的较近农户采用“村收集-乡镇转运-区处理”的模式进行处理。距离较远的农户大多采取混合在一起随意丢弃在田边、竹林、小溪或废旧房屋边。3)添加污泥使堆体pH、容重增加,电导率降低,但EC值均大于4.0mScm-1。有机碳含量随堆肥过程的进行呈降低趋势,但降低幅度随污泥添加量的增加而降低。随污泥添加量的增加,堆体中的氮、磷含量提高,说明添加20%的污泥更有利于提高堆肥产品的质量。4)添加污泥使堆体的腐殖化程度降低,以添加量为20%时降低程度最大。添加污泥后堆体中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的总量及有效量均增加。腐殖化过程中,HA与Cu、Zn的亲和力较差,因此HA与Cu、Zn结合不是堆肥钝化Cu和Zn的主要途径；HA与Cd、Pb的亲和力较强,且HA-Cd含量远远高于有效Cd和FA-Cd含量,可通过提高胡富比来降低堆肥中有效Cd和有效Pb的含量。5)垃圾堆肥过程对发芽指数的影响可分为3个阶段,分别为：抑制发芽阶段(0.293～0.303),上升(0.743～0.832)和下降阶段(0.515～0.620),均达到堆肥基本无毒化要求,且添加不同量污泥对GI值的影响不大。
[Abstract]:With the development of the rural economy and the improvement of the living standard of the rural residents, the output of rural domestic waste in Chongqing area has gradually increased, which has become an important factor affecting the rural production and life, and must be attached great importance to. However, there are few researches on Chongqing rural domestic waste and lack of appropriate treatment technology. The utilization of agricultural land after composting is an effective way to decompose MSW easily, but the fertilizer efficiency of compost products is low, and the high content of heavy metals is the key problem to limit the agricultural use of MSW compost products. The results show that the mixed composting of municipal sludge and municipal solid waste can improve the physical structure of compost materials, adjust the C / N ratio, increase the nitrogen content and improve the composting quality. Different researchers obtained different results. In view of the above problems, this paper chooses four different types of villages: Lianghe Village, Ciyun Town, Chongqing, Yanba Village, Longhua Town, Yuanyang Village in Cai Jia Town and Wuxin Village in Jieshi Town, Banan District. In this paper, the characteristics and disposal of rural domestic waste were investigated, the feasibility of composting of domestic waste and sludge was studied and the optimum proportion of sludge was determined. The main results were as follows: 1) the per capita MSW per capita in four villages in the study area was 0.226 卤0.168 卤0.286 卤0.203 卤0.217 卤0.124 卤0.282 卤0.123 kg/ (the highest amount of human d), was produced in Yanba Village and Wuxin Village). In the new rural community, Lianghe Village was the second, and Yuanyang Village was the lowest. The waste of the four villages was mainly perishable organic waste which could be treated as feed or fermentation, accounting for 45.0% -55.0% of the total, followed by wrapping paper and plastic wrappers. The content of other components is relatively low. According to this characteristic of rural domestic waste, it is easy to choose composting technology to dispose of it. 2) except for mandarin duck village, the garbage is unmanaged all year round. The treatment methods of domestic waste in the other three villages were as follows: the rural households close to the garbage collection ring (house) adopted the mode of "village collection-township transportation-district treatment". The farmers who are far away mostly adopt mixing together and discard randomly at the edge of field, bamboo forest, creek or old house. 3) adding sludge can increase the bulk density of pH, and decrease the electrical conductivity, but the EC value is more than 4.0 mScm-1. The content of organic carbon decreased with the composting process, but decreased with the increase of sludge addition. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the reactor increased with the increase of sludge addition, which indicated that the addition of 20% sludge was more beneficial to improve the quality of composting products. 4) the humification degree of the reactor was reduced with the addition of sludge. To add 20 when the maximum reduction. The total and effective amount of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd in the reactor increased after sludge was added. In the process of humification, the affinity between HA and Cu,Zn was poor, so the combination of HA and Cu,Zn was not the main way to passivate Cu and Zn. The affinity of HA to Cd,Pb was stronger, and the content of HA-Cd was much higher than that of effective Cd and FA-Cd. The content of available Cd and available Pb in compost can be reduced by increasing Hu Fu ratio. 5) the effect of composting process on germination index can be divided into three stages: inhibiting germination stage (0.293% 0.303). The increase (0.743 ~ 0.832) and the decreasing stage (0.515 ~ 0.620) reached the requirement of non-toxic composting, and the addition of different amount of sludge had little effect on the GI value.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3;S141.4
本文编号：2386283
[Abstract]:With the development of the rural economy and the improvement of the living standard of the rural residents, the output of rural domestic waste in Chongqing area has gradually increased, which has become an important factor affecting the rural production and life, and must be attached great importance to. However, there are few researches on Chongqing rural domestic waste and lack of appropriate treatment technology. The utilization of agricultural land after composting is an effective way to decompose MSW easily, but the fertilizer efficiency of compost products is low, and the high content of heavy metals is the key problem to limit the agricultural use of MSW compost products. The results show that the mixed composting of municipal sludge and municipal solid waste can improve the physical structure of compost materials, adjust the C / N ratio, increase the nitrogen content and improve the composting quality. Different researchers obtained different results. In view of the above problems, this paper chooses four different types of villages: Lianghe Village, Ciyun Town, Chongqing, Yanba Village, Longhua Town, Yuanyang Village in Cai Jia Town and Wuxin Village in Jieshi Town, Banan District. In this paper, the characteristics and disposal of rural domestic waste were investigated, the feasibility of composting of domestic waste and sludge was studied and the optimum proportion of sludge was determined. The main results were as follows: 1) the per capita MSW per capita in four villages in the study area was 0.226 卤0.168 卤0.286 卤0.203 卤0.217 卤0.124 卤0.282 卤0.123 kg/ (the highest amount of human d), was produced in Yanba Village and Wuxin Village). In the new rural community, Lianghe Village was the second, and Yuanyang Village was the lowest. The waste of the four villages was mainly perishable organic waste which could be treated as feed or fermentation, accounting for 45.0% -55.0% of the total, followed by wrapping paper and plastic wrappers. The content of other components is relatively low. According to this characteristic of rural domestic waste, it is easy to choose composting technology to dispose of it. 2) except for mandarin duck village, the garbage is unmanaged all year round. The treatment methods of domestic waste in the other three villages were as follows: the rural households close to the garbage collection ring (house) adopted the mode of "village collection-township transportation-district treatment". The farmers who are far away mostly adopt mixing together and discard randomly at the edge of field, bamboo forest, creek or old house. 3) adding sludge can increase the bulk density of pH, and decrease the electrical conductivity, but the EC value is more than 4.0 mScm-1. The content of organic carbon decreased with the composting process, but decreased with the increase of sludge addition. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the reactor increased with the increase of sludge addition, which indicated that the addition of 20% sludge was more beneficial to improve the quality of composting products. 4) the humification degree of the reactor was reduced with the addition of sludge. To add 20 when the maximum reduction. The total and effective amount of heavy metal Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd in the reactor increased after sludge was added. In the process of humification, the affinity between HA and Cu,Zn was poor, so the combination of HA and Cu,Zn was not the main way to passivate Cu and Zn. The affinity of HA to Cd,Pb was stronger, and the content of HA-Cd was much higher than that of effective Cd and FA-Cd. The content of available Cd and available Pb in compost can be reduced by increasing Hu Fu ratio. 5) the effect of composting process on germination index can be divided into three stages: inhibiting germination stage (0.293% 0.303). The increase (0.743 ~ 0.832) and the decreasing stage (0.515 ~ 0.620) reached the requirement of non-toxic composting, and the addition of different amount of sludge had little effect on the GI value.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3;S141.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 何志刚;孙军德;;复合微生物菌剂在牛粪堆肥中的试验研究[J];安徽农业科学;2007年16期
2 张小琴;;新农村建设必须重视污染防治问题[J];现代农业科技;2007年22期
3 李东,顾恒岳;重庆市主城区生活垃圾现状调查与分析[J];重庆环境科学;2001年01期
4 霍维周,丁雪梅;蚯蚓处理垃圾及产业化问题的探讨[J];城市管理与科技;2002年01期
5 王光玉,陈雷,宣世伟,王尔德;生活垃圾好氧堆肥微生物接种的初步研究[J];环境科学与技术;2005年02期
6 张凯;李多松;蒋滔;;城市生活垃圾渗滤液处理方案及工艺分析[J];环保科技;2007年04期
7 董丽丽;于玲;;我国农村生活垃圾现状及处理对策[J];现代农业科技;2013年16期
8 岳波;张志彬;孙英杰;李海玲;;我国农村生活垃圾的产生特征研究[J];环境科学与技术;2014年06期
9 宋毅成;;“双核”模式推进成渝试验区建设——访中国人民大学区域经济与城市管理研究所所长陈秀山[J];中国城市经济;2007年08期
10 张陇利;刘青;徐智;梁丽娜;李季;;复合微生物菌剂对污泥堆肥的作用效果研究[J];环境工程学报;2008年02期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 丁湘蓉;北京市生活垃圾现状与垃圾堆肥应用潜力研究[D];中国农业大学;2003年
2 王莉玮;重庆市农业面源污染的区域分异与控制[D];西南大学;2005年
，本文编号：2386283
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/nykj/2386283.html
