黄土高原森林草原区退耕还林还草土壤保持效应评估

发布时间：2018-12-19 15:00

【摘要】：黄土高原地处生态过渡带和环境脆弱区,区内大范围的土壤侵蚀严重影响了当地的生态环境。以黄土高原森林草原区为研究对象,应用修正通用土壤流失方程,根据2000、2005、2010年气象数据及土地利用等数据,从不同坡度、植被覆盖度、土地利用类型评估了黄土高原森林草原区退耕还林还草工程的土壤保持效应。结果表明,(1)随着退耕还林还草工程的实施,林地和草地面积明显增加,分别增加2 219.41 km~2、2 205.27 km~2,研究区植被覆盖度逐渐改善。(2)2000—2010年土壤保持量增加2.41亿t,单位面积土壤保持量由3 033.15 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1)增加至5 114.86 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1),土壤保持效应显著提升。(3)研究区土壤保持效应与植被覆盖度呈正相关关系,在不同土地利用类型中,林地、草地和耕地具有较高的土壤保持效应,单位面积土壤保持量分别为5 405.57、3 598.41、3 078.81 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1)。退耕还林还草工程的实施提升了区域的土壤保持效应,但是,区内东北部由于矿产资源开采导致的植被破坏、地表塌陷以及土壤侵蚀问题亟待解决。
[Abstract]:The Loess Plateau is located in the ecological transition zone and the fragile environment. The extensive soil erosion in the Loess Plateau has seriously affected the local ecological environment. Taking the forest steppe area of the Loess Plateau as the research object, applying the modified general soil loss equation, according to the meteorological data and land use data of 2000-2005,2010, the different slope, vegetation coverage, and so on, were studied. The land use types were used to evaluate the soil conservation effect of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the forest and grassland area of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that: (1) with the implementation of the project of returning cropland to forest and grassland, the area of forestland and grassland increased obviously, which increased by 2 219.41 km~2,2 205.27 km~2, respectively. The vegetation coverage in the study area was gradually improved. (2) soil conservation increased by 241 million t from 2000 to 2010, Soil conservation per unit area increased from 3 033.15 t km~ (-2) a ~ (-1) to 5 114.86 t km~ (-2) a ~ (-1). Soil conservation effect was significantly improved. (3) soil conservation effect was positively correlated with vegetation coverage in the study area. In different land use types, forest land, grassland and cultivated land had higher soil conservation effect. Soil conservation per unit area was 5 405.57 (3 598.41) t km~ (-2) a ~ (-1). The implementation of the project of returning cropland to forest and grassland has promoted the soil conservation effect in the region. However, the problems of vegetation destruction, surface subsidence and soil erosion caused by mining mineral resources in the northeast of the region need to be solved.
【作者单位】：长安大学地球科学与资源学院;中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家生态重点实验室;陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室;
【基金】：国防科工委重大专项(30-Y30B13-9003-14/16) 陕西省自然科学基金(2014JM5211) 陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(14JS010)
【分类号】：S157

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