稻-麦连作和稻-休耕农田植物物种多样性的比较

发布时间：2018-12-23 20:38

【摘要】：为揭示休耕对农田生态系统植物群落和物种多样性的影响,以稻-麦连作和稻-休耕系统为研究对象,研究田内、田埂和沟渠3种生境的物种组成和多样性特征。结果表明,1)稻-麦连作系统植物由28科58属64种组成,多年生植物占39.1%;休耕系统植物由32科68属76种组成,多年生植物占52.6%;2)休耕显著提高了物种丰富度(P=0.021)和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数(P=0.006),但是稻-麦连作和稻-休耕系统之间的Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数没有显著差异(P=0.318,P=0.844);3)无论稻-麦连作还是稻-休耕系统,田埂生境中各多样性指数最高;但在休耕系统中,田埂和田内各多样性指数均没有显著差异;4)样方去趋势对应分析(detrended correspondence analysis,DCA)排序明确揭示了连作和休耕系统样地基本分离,且休耕期田内和田埂植物群落组成相似。休耕可降低作物生境和非作物生境的植物组成差异,促进农田生态系统植物物种多样性。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the effect of fallow tillage on plant community and species diversity in farmland ecosystem, the species composition and diversity characteristics of three habitats, field ridge and ditch, were studied by using rice-wheat continuous cropping system and rice-fallow tillage system as research objects. The results showed that: 1) the plants of rice-wheat continuous cropping system were composed of 64 species belonging to 58 genera and 28 families, with perennial plants accounting for 39.1%, fallow system plants consisted of 76 species belonging to 68 genera and 32 families, and perennial plants accounted for 52.6%. 2) fallow tillage significantly increased species richness (P0. 021) and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (P0. 006), but there was no significant difference in Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index between rice-wheat continuous cropping system and rice-fallow tillage system (P0. 318). P0. 844); 3) the diversity index of terrace habitats was the highest in rice-wheat continuous cropping system and rice-fallow system, but there was no significant difference between field ridge and field diversity index in fallow system. (4) (detrended correspondence analysis,DCA) sequencing revealed that the plots of continuous cropping and fallow systems were basically separated, and the composition of plant communities in the field and the ridge was similar during the fallow period. Fallow tillage can reduce plant composition difference between crop habitat and non-crop habitat and promote plant species diversity in farmland ecosystem.
【作者单位】：长江大学主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心;长江大学农学院;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划子课题(十三五粮丰增效科技创新)(2016YFD0300208-04) 长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF201610)
【分类号】：S181;S34

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