基于主成分分析法的沙湾县农田土壤肥力评价

发布时间：2018-12-24 07:07

【摘要】：明确土壤肥力状况及其空间分布特征,是合理利用土地、改良和培肥土壤的前提。研究对象为沙湾县区域内的农田土壤,测定了表层(0~20cm)土壤pH值、盐分、有机质、氮磷钾全量和速效量等指标,运用主成分分析方法计算了土壤肥力指数,并用克里金插值法对该区域土壤养分和土壤肥力指数的空间分布进行拟合。结果表明:沙湾县农田土壤pH值、盐分、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量的变化范围分别为7.43~9.22、0.84~3.91g/kg、0.14~41.98g/kg、0.10~2.28g/kg、2~177mg/kg、0.02~1.30g/kg、2.0~50.5mg/kg、0.10~18.51g/kg、42~269mg/kg;土壤质量指数为0.10~0.51,土壤肥力水平总体偏低;沙湾县农田土壤中的pH值表现的趋势为从西北到东南方向逐渐升高,有机质和全氮则表现出自西南向东北逐渐升高,土壤有效磷主要集中于中部,碱解氮中部和北部含量最高;土壤肥力指数从西南向东北呈降低趋势;主成分分析表明,引起沙湾县农田土壤肥力变化的主要因子是有机质和pH值。沙湾县农田土壤肥力水平总体偏低,其改良与培肥应多关注土壤有机质含量的提高。
[Abstract]:The understanding of soil fertility and its spatial distribution is the premise of rational use of land and improvement and fertilization of soil. The pH value, salt content, organic matter, total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and available amount of soil in surface soil (0~20cm) were measured, and the soil fertility index was calculated by principal component analysis (PCA). The spatial distribution of soil nutrient and soil fertility index was fitted by Kriging interpolation. The results showed that the contents of pH, salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium in the farmland soil of Shawan County varied in the range of 7.43 ~ 9.22 ~ 0.844 ~ 3.91 g / kg ~ 0.141.98 g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1), respectively. 0.10 / 2.28g / kg / kg 177mg / kg / kg 1.30g / kg / kg 0.10g / kg 18.51g / kg 42mg / kg + 269mg / kg; The soil quality index is 0.10 ~ 0.51, and the soil fertility level is on the low side. The pH value of farmland soil in Shawan County increased gradually from northwest to southeast, organic matter and total nitrogen gradually increased from southwest to northeast, the available phosphorus of soil was mainly concentrated in the central part of the soil, and the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen was the highest in the middle and north of the soil. The soil fertility index decreased from southwest to northeast, and the principal component analysis showed that the main factors causing soil fertility change in Shawan County were organic matter and pH value. The soil fertility level in Shawan County was generally low, so the improvement and fertilization should pay more attention to the increase of soil organic matter content.
【作者单位】：新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院;新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室;新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司;新疆沙湾县农业技术推广中心;
【基金】：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2017D01A37)
【分类号】：S158

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