玉米栽培模式对暗棕壤微生物学特性及养分状况的影响

发布时间：2018-12-25 08:45

【摘要】：玉米栽培模式的改变通过对暗棕壤形成不同程度的扰动,能够引发微生物学特性及养分状况的变化;反之,亦可通过两者的数量变化来定量评估玉米栽培模式对地力培肥的效果。以实施3a的定位栽培试验为供试对象,分别研究玉米高光效休耕轮作栽培(HPE)、地膜覆盖下的高光效休耕轮作栽培(PM-HPE)、宽窄行交替休闲栽培(WNR)以及农民等垄宽常规栽培(CC)4种模式对暗棕壤养分状况、酶活性及微生物量碳氮(SMBC、SMBN)的影响,并在此基础上进行种植带与休耕带的分类讨论,相关结果表明:(1)高光效栽培对暗棕壤全氮含量利用程度较高,栽培措施改变对全磷含量影响较小,休闲栽培能够显著提升暗棕壤全钾含量水平,但对有效磷及有机质含量有着明显的消耗作用;(2)常规栽培具有改善暗棕壤脲酶及碱性磷酸酶活性的双重作用,但对过氧化氢酶活性则表现为抑制作用。无论覆膜与否,高光效栽培对蛋白酶活性皆有所抑制。基于休闲栽培,密植玉米的种植带更有利于蛋白酶及碱性磷酸酶活性的增高,而过氧化氢酶活性在此过程中遭受抑制。高光效栽培下的休耕带,其脲酶活性略高于种植带,而宽窄行交替休闲栽培所表现的规律相反;(3)常规栽培更有利于暗棕壤SMBC成分的累积以及SMBN含量的消耗,休闲栽培下的种植带,其SMBC含量明显高于休耕带的结果;休闲栽培有利于土壤细菌的繁衍,而覆膜能够在同等栽培条件下增加真菌在微生物区系中的存在比例。
[Abstract]:The change of maize cultivation pattern can induce the change of microbiological characteristics and nutrient status by disturbing dark brown soil to different degrees. On the other hand, the effect of maize cultivation model on soil fertility can be quantitatively evaluated by the quantity change of both. In this paper, three years' experiment was carried out to study the high light efficiency free tillage rotation (PM-HPE) of maize under the mulching of (HPE), mulching film. The effects of (WNR) and (CC) on nutrient status, enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon nitrogen (SMBC,SMBN) in dark brown soil were studied. On this basis, the classification of planting and fallow zones was discussed. The results showed that: (1) the total nitrogen content of dark brown soil was high in high light efficiency cultivation, and the change of cultivation measures had little effect on total phosphorus content. The content of total potassium in dark brown soil could be significantly increased by recreational cultivation, but the content of available phosphorus and organic matter was obviously consumed. (2) conventional cultivation can improve urease and alkaline phosphatase activities in dark brown soil, but inhibit catalase activity. High light efficiency cultivation inhibited protease activity no matter whether it was covered with film or not. Based on leisure cultivation, the planting zone of close planting maize was more favorable to increase the activity of protease and alkaline phosphatase, but the activity of catalase was inhibited during this process. The urease activity in the fallow zone with high light efficiency was slightly higher than that in the planting band, but the pattern of alternate recreational cultivation with wide and narrow rows was opposite. (3) conventional cultivation was more favorable to the accumulation of SMBC and the consumption of SMBN content in dark brown soil. The SMBC content in cultivation zone under leisure cultivation was significantly higher than that in fallow zone. Recreational cultivation was beneficial to the multiplication of soil bacteria, while mulching could increase the proportion of fungi in microflora under the same cultivation conditions.
【作者单位】：吉林农业科技学院植物科学学院;磐石市农业技术推广总站;磐石市明城镇农业站;吉林省环境监察总队;
【基金】：吉林市科技计划项目(201464039) 吉林省教育厅“十二五”科学技术研究项目(吉教科合字[2015]第375号) 吉林农业科技学院2015年“作物遗传育种学”重点学科培育项目
【分类号】：S513;S154.3;S158

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