培土和施肥水平对甘蔗根围土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落的影响

发布时间：2018-12-25 15:00

【摘要】：广西是我国甘蔗主产区,目前种植面积约1300万亩,其中宿根蔗占60%以上。如何延长甘蔗宿根年限和提高其产量,是目前甘蔗产业所面临的主要问题之一。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌能改善土壤生态,促进养分吸收,改善作物的连作年限。研究表明,大田甘蔗接种AM真菌能提高土壤pH,减少化肥用量,提高甘蔗产量。AM真菌在农田生态系统中有重要的作用,但农田系统中AM真菌的群落结构会受到耕作和施肥等农业措施的影响。本研究采用定点原位方式,使用高通量测序技术分析培土和施肥水平对AM真菌群落结构的影响,及其与宿根蔗生长的相关性,为利用AM真菌改善土壤生态和提高甘蔗宿根种植年限探明道理。主要研究结果如下:1.培土和施肥水平影响甘蔗根系AM真菌的侵染率。不论培土与否,施肥都会降低AM真菌的侵染率。在相同施肥水平上,不培土处理的侵染率高于培土处理。2.随土层深度的增加,土壤中AM真菌多样性和丰富度降低。但培土会提高0-20 cm 土层和40-60 cm 土层的AM真菌的丰富度。3.Venn图分析结果显示,不培土处理不同施肥量之间AM真菌多样性无显著差异,而在培土处理表现为施肥0 kg/ha和施肥750 kg/ha的多样性较高。4.甘蔗根围土壤中球囊霉属(Glomus)占有绝对的优势,之后是类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)和多样囊霉属(Diversispora)。此外,也有少量的原囊霉属(Archaeospora)、巨抱囊霉属(Gigaspora)、无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)、盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)和 Ambispora。5.不培土处理20-40 cm 土层和40-60 cm 土层的AM真菌群落结构较为相似。而培土处理各个土层深度有明显差异。不培土处理且施肥750 kg/ha和培土处理施肥187.5 kg/haAM真菌群落结构较为稳定,不同时间群落变化较小。
[Abstract]:Guangxi is the main sugarcane producing area in China. At present, the planting area is about 13 million mu, of which the ratoon cane accounts for more than 60%. How to extend the number of years and increase the yield of sugarcane is one of the main problems faced by sugarcane industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) can improve soil ecology, nutrient uptake and crop continuous cropping years. The results showed that the inoculation of AM fungi in field sugarcane could increase the amount of soil pH, and increase the yield of sugarcane. AM fungi play an important role in farmland ecosystem. But the community structure of AM fungi in farmland system is affected by farming and fertilization. In this study, the effects of soil and fertilizer levels on the structure of AM fungi community and their correlation with the growth of ratoon cane were analyzed by high throughput sequencing. In order to use AM fungi to improve soil ecology and to increase the number of years of sugarcane root planting. The main results are as follows: 1. The infection rate of AM fungi in sugarcane roots was affected by soil culture and fertilization. Fertilization decreased the infection rate of AM fungi, no matter whether the soil was cultivated or not. At the same fertilization level, the infection rate of uncultivated soil treatment was higher than that of soil culture treatment. The diversity and richness of AM fungi decreased with the increase of soil depth. However, soil culture could increase the richness of AM fungi in 0-20 cm soil layer and 40-60 cm soil layer. The results of 3.Venn analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the diversity of AM fungi between different fertilization rates. On the other hand, the diversity of 0 kg/ha fertilization and 750 kg/ha fertilization was higher in soil culture. 4. (Glomus) is the dominant genus in sugarcane rhizosphere soil, followed by (Paraglomus) and (Diversispora). In addition, there are also a small number of procystis, (Archaeospora), (Gigaspora), (Acaulospora), (Scutellospora) and Ambispora.5.. The community structure of AM fungi in the soil layer of 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm without soil treatment was similar. However, the depth of each soil layer treated with soil culture is obviously different. The community structure of fungi was stable in the treatment of no soil and 187.5 kg/haAM fertilized with 750 kg/ha and 187.5 kg/haAM respectively, and the change of community was small at different time.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S566.1;S154.3

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