近30年有机氯农药和重金属在中国北方啮齿类动物中的变化趋势

发布时间：2018-12-27 06:56

【摘要】：有机氯农药(Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs)能够在环境中长久存在,在生物链中积累放大,具有持久的高毒性,对环境和人类健康存在巨大危害。滴滴涕(Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane,DDT)和六六六(Hexachlorocyclohexane,HCHs)是OCPs的典型,在禁用之后的30年间,有关其环境中的陆生生物残留特征变化情况的报道极少,本研究采集了河北饶阳地区1983年至2010年间200多例黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus Barabensis)样品,检测了肌肉组织中DDT、HCHs不同异构体和骨骼中的重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)。实验研究结果如下:(1)HCHs总量从1983年和1984年的937.82ng/g干重下降到2009年和2010年的10.57ng/g干重,下降了98.87%,半衰期为4.9年。α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH半衰期分别是5.9年、3.8年、6.4年。随着时间的变化,β-HCH和α-HCH的比值呈现下降趋势。本研究用HCHs物理性质和挥发迁移特征解释研究结果与以往文献报道的不一致性。(2)DDT总量从1983年和1984年的1331.85 ng/g干重下降到2009年和2010年的35.42 ng/g干重,半衰期为6.4年。o,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDE、o,p’-DDD、p,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT和p,p’-DDT半衰期分别是12.0年、6.8年、6.4年、6.8年、6.0年、4.6年。o,p’-DDT和p,p’-DDT在总量中的比重明显下降。o,p’-DDX浓度比p,p’-DDX低,但半衰期更长,o,p’-DDE、o,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT达12年、6.4年、6.0年。(3)手性o,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT的对映体分数(Enantiomeric Fractions,EF)值小于0.5,黑线仓鼠体内CYP酶更易代谢右旋o,p’-DDD和o,p’-DDT。而α-HCH的EF值呈现下降趋势,EF值始终大于0.5,说明饶阳地区土壤微生物有代谢左旋α-HCH的倾向。(4)Pb、As在1983至2010年间分别下降了31.6%和15.0%,Cd略有下降,表现并不明显。Cu和Zn属于常量元素,Cu在1983至2002年下降24.7%,而在2006年至2010年上升了6.59倍。而Zn在早年维持在一个稳定浓度,在2006年之后,呈现下降趋势。说明饶阳地区受工业污染影响较小,但是Cu在近几年急剧上升,可能因为该地区河道水体污染严重,灌溉用水已被污染。
[Abstract]:Organochlorine pesticides (Organochlorine Pesticides,OCPs) can exist in the environment for a long time, accumulate and amplify in the biological chain, have long-lasting high toxicity and great harm to the environment and human health. DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane,DDT) and BHC (Hexachlorocyclohexane,HCHs) are typical of OCPs, and in the 30 years since they were banned, there have been few reports of changes in the characteristics of terrestrial biological residues in their environments. In this study, more than 200 black line hamster (Cricetulus Barabensis) samples were collected from 1983 to 2010 in Raoyang area, Hebei Province. The heavy metal copper, zinc, (Zn), lead, (Pb), arsenic (As), in muscle tissue and bone were detected. Cadmium (Cd). The experimental results are as follows: (1) the total HCHs decreased from 937.82ng/g dry weight in 1983 and 1984 to 10.57ng/g dry weight in 2009 and 2010, with a half-life of 4.9 years. 伪-HCH, 尾-HCH, The half-life of 纬-HCH is 5.9 years, 3.8 years and 6.4 years respectively. The ratio of 尾-HCH to 伪-HCH decreased with time. In this study, the physical properties and volatile transport characteristics of HCHs were used to explain the inconsistency between the results of the study and those reported in previous literatures. (2) the total dry weight of DDT decreased from 1331.85 ng/g in 1983 and 1984 to 35.42 ng/g in 2009 and 2010. The half-life is 6.4 years. The half-lives of the two groups are 12.0 years, 6.8 years, 6.4 years, 6.8 years, respectively, and the half-lives are 12.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, 6.8, respectively, and the half-lives are 12.0, 6.8, 6.4, 6.8, and 6.8, respectively. In 6.0 years, 4.6 years, the proportion of OFP-DDT and PNP-DDX in the total amount decreased obviously. The concentration of OOPA-DDX was lower than that of pCG-DDX, but the half-life was longer, and the concentration of OTP-DDE-DDEOPN-DDDX was lower than that of pCG-DDX, but the half-life was longer. (3) the enantiomeric fraction (Enantiomeric Fractions,EF) of p'-DDT was less than 0.5, and CYP enzyme was more easily metabolized in black line hamsters. P'-DDD and PDT. The EF value of 伪-HCH showed a downward trend, and the EF value was always greater than 0. 5, indicating that soil microbes tended to metabolize left 伪-HCH in Raoyang area. (4) Pb,As decreased by 31. 6% and 15. 0% from 1983 to 2010, respectively. Cu and Zn were constant elements, with Cu falling 24.7% between 1983 and 2002, compared with a 6.59 fold increase between 2006 and 2010. Zn remained stable in the early years and declined after 2006. The results show that Raoyang area is less affected by industrial pollution, but Cu has risen sharply in recent years, which may be due to the serious pollution of river water in Raoyang area and the pollution of irrigation water.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592

【相似文献】