呼和浩特城郊塑料大棚土壤微生物多样性的动态研究

发布时间：2019-01-02 07:40

【摘要】：本试验以呼和浩特城郊塑料大棚土壤为研究对象,于2013年1月至12月对大棚土壤进行分层取样,通过不同的培养基,综合利用传统培养方法和土壤微生物学原理,对其土壤微生物数量、种类在时间和空间的分布特征及种类分离、鉴定进行系统的研究。得出以下主要结果：1、塑料大棚土壤中分离鉴定出真菌11个属,细菌4个属,放线菌4个属。2、样地土壤中真菌数量最大值出现在6月,最低值在1月。细菌和放线菌数量均以7月最高,12月最低；真菌、细菌及放线菌3类微生物数量在6、7、8三个月最为集中。3、真菌种类水平性分布显著,1-4月的土样真菌以曲霉属为优势菌群,5-7月,真菌种类最为丰富,包括腐霉属、曲霉属、木霉属、毛霉属、青霉属、黑孢霉、阜孢霉等在内8类菌,8-12月真菌的种类主要以腐霉属、毛霉属和曲霉属、青霉属为主。细菌种类全年分布较均匀,以芽孢杆菌属、肠杆菌属、链球菌属为常见菌。放线菌中链霉菌属占数量优势,在12个月的所有样地土壤中均有分布且比较稳定。另外,小多孢属、双岐放线菌属数量波动性较大。4、在样地中,土壤微生物数量动态变化具有明显的垂直分布规律,微生物数量随土层加深而减少,地表层数量最多,土壤微生物最活跃,15-20cm土层中数量则最少。以土层深度为变量,土壤微生物数量垂直分布有极为明显线性关系。5、在0～5cm土层中分离鉴定的真菌主要包括：曲霉属、木霉属、青霉属；5～10cm土层中鉴定的菌种最丰富,腐霉属、曲霉属、链孢霉、毛霉属在该土层的分布最多；黄曲霉、黑曲霉、青霉在10～20cm土层所占比例较大,酵母菌在各取样土层中分布较均匀。放线菌主要以0～10cm土层鉴定的链霉菌为主。好氧型和兼性厌氧型细菌在0～5cm土样中分布最广,厌氧型细菌则在10～15cm土层中分布最多。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the plastic greenhouse soil in the suburb of Hohhot was taken as the research object. The greenhouse soil was stratified and sampled from January to December 2013. Through different culture medium, the traditional culture methods and the principle of soil microbiology were comprehensively utilized. The number of soil microbes, the distribution characteristics of species in time and space, the species separation and identification were systematically studied. The main results are as follows: 1. 11 genera of fungi, 4 genera of bacteria and 4 genera of actinomycetes were isolated and identified in plastic greenhouse soil. The maximum number of fungi appeared in June and the lowest in January. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes was the highest in July and the lowest in December. The number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes was the most concentrated in 6 / 7 / 8 / 8 months. 3. The distribution of fungal species was significant. In January to April, Aspergillus was the dominant group, and in May / July, fungi were the most abundant. There are 8 kinds of fungi including Pythium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Mucor, Penicillium, Black Spore, Caruncle, etc. In August and December, the main species of fungi are Pythium, Mucor, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The species of bacteria distributed evenly throughout the year, with Bacillus, Enterobacter and Streptococcus as common bacteria. Streptomyces was dominant in actinomycetes, and was stable in all plots for 12 months. In addition, the quantity of actinomycetes in microspora and bifidobacterium is fluctuant. 4. In the sample plots, the dynamic change of soil microbial quantity has obvious vertical distribution law, the number of microorganism decreases with the deepening of soil layer, and the quantity of soil surface layer is the most. Soil microbes were the most active and the 15-20cm soil was the least active. Taking soil depth as variable, the vertical distribution of soil microbes is very linear. 5. The fungi isolated and identified in 0~5cm soil layer mainly include Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium; The most abundant species were identified in 5~10cm soil layer. The distribution of Pythium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Mucor was the most in this soil layer. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus Niger and Penicillium spp accounted for a large proportion in 10~20cm soil layer. Actinomycetes were mainly Streptomyces identified by 0~10cm soil. Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria were most widely distributed in 0~5cm soil samples, while anaerobic bacteria were most widely distributed in 10~15cm soil layer.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.3

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