地下水漏斗区农户冬小麦休耕意愿的影响因素及其生态补偿标准研究——以河北衡水为例

发布时间：2019-01-05 04:00

【摘要】：近年来,国家大力提倡耕地休养生息,推行土地休耕制度,以提高地力,保障农业可持续发展。由于水资源短缺已经成为制约我国华北地区经济社会发展的重要因素。华北地下水漏斗区作为土地休耕的三个试点之一,主要目标是退耕高耗水的冬小麦,实现"一季休耕、一季雨养",以减少地下水用量,修复地下水环境。农户作为农村最主要的生产与经营主体,如何给予农户合理的补偿,使其有效地实施冬小麦休耕政策成为缓解华北地区水资源短缺的关键因素。论文运用问卷调查法、机会成本法与Logistic模型对意愿与补偿标准进行分析,探讨了河北衡水地下水漏斗区农户冬小麦休耕意愿的主要影响因素及其生态补偿标准的合理性,以便为我国科学合理地制定地下水漏斗区耕地轮作休耕政策提供理论依据。研究结果表明:1)农户的文化程度、家庭农业劳动力总数、抚养比、农户对地下水漏斗区冬小麦休耕态度、农户对政府实行政策的信任度与农户休耕意愿呈显著的正向影响;2)务农工日、耕地质量、人均耕地面积与农户休耕意愿呈显著的负向影响;3)只考虑冬小麦对地下水影响,不考虑农产品市场价格变化的影响,建议河北衡水地区休耕农户补偿标准为518元/亩(7 770元/hm~2)。最后论文提出了因地制宜地制定地下水漏斗区冬小麦休耕的补偿政策,发展绿色产业,转移剩余劳动力,并做好休耕政策宣传力度等政策建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the country strongly advocates the cultivated land rest and recuperation, carries out the land fallow system, in order to raise the land fertility, guarantees the agriculture sustainable development. The shortage of water resources has become an important factor restricting the economic and social development of North China. As one of the three experiments of land fallow, the main goal of groundwater funnel area in North China is to reduce the amount of groundwater and repair the groundwater environment by returning to winter wheat with high water consumption and realizing "one season fallow and one season rain". As the main production and management body in rural areas, how to give farmers reasonable compensation and how to effectively implement the winter wheat fallow policy has become the key factor to alleviate the shortage of water resources in North China. By means of questionnaire survey, opportunity cost method and Logistic model, this paper analyzes the willingness and compensation standard, and discusses the main influencing factors of winter wheat fallow intention and the rationality of ecological compensation standard in Hebei Hengshui groundwater funnel area. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational formulation of cultivated land rotation and fallow policy in groundwater funnel area in China. The results show that: 1) the education level of farmers, the total number of family agricultural labor force, the dependency ratio, the farmers' fallow attitude to winter wheat in the funnel area, the trust degree of farmers to the government policy and the fallow willingness of farmers have a significant positive influence; 2) the day of farming, the quality of cultivated land, the area of cultivated land per capita and the willingness of farmers to fallow have a significant negative effect; 3) only considering the effect of winter wheat on groundwater and not considering the change of market price of agricultural products, it is suggested that the compensation standard of fallow farmers in Hengshui area of Hebei Province is 518 yuan / mu (7,770 yuan / hm~2). Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions such as making compensation policy for winter wheat fallow in groundwater funnel area, developing green industry, transferring surplus labor force, and so on.
【作者单位】：江西财经大学生态文明研究院;江西财经大学土地管理研究中心;江西财经大学江西省生态文明制度建设协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目(15AZD075) 江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人资助计划(20172BCB22011)~~
【分类号】：F323.211;F326.11

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