施用猪粪对稻麦产量和土壤磷素积累与淋失的影响

发布时间：2019-01-14 14:59

【摘要】：为确定农田畜禽粪便的安全消纳量,在成都平原稻麦轮作条件下,研究施用猪粪后土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(Olsen P和Mehlich3 P)、水溶性磷(Ca Cl2 P)的累积特征,评估磷的淋失风险。结果表明:随猪粪施用量的增加,土壤全磷含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,土壤Olsen P含量和Mehlich3 P含量在100%猪粪N处理后快速增加,增幅分别为21.87~90.58、53.25~262.82 mg/kg,Ca Cl2 P含量在100%猪粪N水平后急剧增加,增幅为0.18~2.40mg/kg;在稻麦轮作体系下,土壤Olsen P含量和Mehlich3 P含量流失的临界值分别为50、125 mg/kg,Ca Cl2 P含量流失的临界值为0.6 mg/kg;稻麦轮作周期内腐熟猪粪用量为23 364 kg/hm2时(50%化肥N+50%猪粪N处理),土壤的磷素积累量明显小于磷素流失临界值,能够安全地最大化消纳猪粪;50%化肥N+50%猪粪N处理下,水稻产量和小麦产量的和最高,达13 309.7 kg/hm2,相较于常规化肥处理的总产量增加了10.01%,其综合生态效益和经济效益最优。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the safe uptake of livestock and poultry manure, the accumulation characteristics of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (Olsen P) and water-soluble phosphorus (Ca Cl2 P) of Mehlich3 P), were studied under the condition of rice and wheat rotation in Chengdu Plain. Assess the risk of phosphorus leaching. The results showed that the content of total phosphorus in soil increased gradually with the increase of application rate of pig manure. The contents of Olsen P and Mehlich3 P in soil increased rapidly after treatment with 100% N in pig manure. The increase was 21.87% 90.58% 53.25% 262.82 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Ca Cl2 P increased sharply after 100% N level in pig manure, and the increase was 0.18 ~ 2.40 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1); Under the system of rice and wheat rotation, the critical values of soil Olsen P content and Mehlich3 P content loss are 50125 mg/kg,Ca Cl2 and 0.6 mg/kg;, respectively. When the amount of rotting pig manure was 23 364 kg/hm2 (50% fertilizer N 50% pig manure N treatment), the phosphorus accumulation in soil was significantly less than the critical value of phosphorus loss, which could safely maximize the amount of pig manure. The sum of rice yield and wheat yield was the highest under the treatment of 50% N fertilizer and 50% pig manure. Compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment, the total yield of 13 309.7 kg/hm2, increased 10.01%, and the comprehensive ecological benefit and economic benefit were the best.
【作者单位】：四川农业大学资源学院;
【基金】：国家“十二·五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B18) 四川省科技支撑计划项目(2013NZ0028)
【分类号】：S141

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