乳酸菌及其代谢产物在紫花苜蓿种植中的应用

发布时间：2019-01-24 10:07

【摘要】：紫花苜蓿被誉为牧草之王,其在畜禽养殖中发挥着不可替代的作用。随着我国规模化养殖业的发展,苜蓿的产能不足尤为凸显,而且为了使苜蓿增产,过量化肥、农药的施用导致一系列的环境问题。如何在使苜蓿增产的同时降低环境污染成为一个急需被攻克的难题。乳酸菌及其代谢产物作为一种安全且对环境友好的新型微生态制剂在苜蓿增产及提升苜蓿品质方面具有潜在的应用价值。本试验采用前期筛选出的具有良好抑制致病性真菌作用的五株乳酸菌L.plantarun IMAU80065、L.plantarun IMAU70101、L.plantarun IMAU70088 L.plantarun IMAU11048、L. casei IMAU10048经低温(25℃)、长时(48h)发酵后得到乳酸菌发酵液,并将发酵液喷施于苜蓿叶面及根部土壤,通过测定苜蓿生长指标、产量、营养指标、土壤养分及土壤微生物变化得到如下结果：(1)乳酸菌及其代谢产物可以有效改善苜蓿农艺性状,促进苜蓿植株生长,乳酸菌及其代谢产物使第五茬苜蓿株高、茎粗、分枝数分别增加18.44%、29.55%、7.21%,乳酸菌活菌型试验组及乳酸菌代谢产物试验组使第六茬苜蓿株高分别比对照组增加27.12%、5.93%。(2)乳酸菌及其代谢产物可以显著提高苜蓿产量从而增加种植效益。乳酸菌活菌型试验组与对照组相比第五茬苜蓿鲜草增产40.98%,乳酸菌活菌型试验组及乳酸菌代谢产物试验组使第六茬苜蓿鲜草分别增产20.40%、12.15%。(3)乳酸菌及其代谢产物可以提升苜蓿品质、提高苜蓿利用价值,其中乳酸菌活菌试验组作用明显,与对照组相比,活菌试验组第六茬苜蓿粗蛋白含量提高2个百分点,相对饲用价值提升10个百分点。(4)乳酸菌及其代谢产物可以改善土壤环境、增加土壤养分同时促进土壤有益微生物的繁殖并且抑制土壤有害真菌的生长。其中乳酸菌代谢产物使14#地土壤有机质提高6.00%,使土壤有效磷提高1.00%,乳酸菌活菌试验组比对照组土壤有效钾提高90.10%。乳酸菌活菌试验组与乳酸菌代谢产物试验组相比于对照组土壤细菌总数分别提高37.50%及17.70%,放线菌数分别提高42.00%及38.64%,真菌数分别降低43.59%及45.45%。
[Abstract]:Alfalfa is known as the king of forage, which plays an irreplaceable role in livestock and poultry breeding. With the development of large-scale aquaculture in China, the shortage of alfalfa production capacity is particularly prominent, and in order to increase the production of alfalfa, excessive fertilizer, pesticide application led to a series of environmental problems. How to increase alfalfa production while reducing environmental pollution has become an urgent problem. Lactic acid bacteria and its metabolites as a safe and environmentally friendly microecological preparation have potential application value in increasing alfalfa yield and improving alfalfa quality. In this experiment, five strains of lactic acid bacteria (L.plantarun IMAU80065,L.plantarun IMAU70101,L.plantarun IMAU70088 L.plantarun IMAU11048,L. casei IMAU10048), which had good inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungi, were screened out in the early stage and were subjected to low temperature (25 鈩，

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