喀斯特石漠化区土地利用方式对土壤质量性状的影响

发布时间：2019-01-25 21:45

【摘要】：以贵州省晴隆县喀斯特石漠化生态系统不同土地利用方式土壤为研究对象,采用空间代替时间的方法,以林地(封育)条件下石漠化生境土壤为对照,对比分析灌丛草地、草地和耕地3种土地利用方式对土壤物理、化学性状的影响。结果表明:喀斯特石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤物理、化学性状差异明显。不同土地利用方式下土壤物理性黏粒含量表现为林地耕地灌丛草地草地,草地土壤有机质含量(143.36 g/kg)、全氮含量(7.82 g/kg)和碱解氮含量(362.77 mg/kg)明显高于其他土地利用方式。耕地土壤有机质含量(56.22 g/kg)、全氮含量(3.10 g/kg)、碱解氮含量(125.22 mg/kg)明显低于其他土地利用方式。林地土壤速效钾含量最高,为192.15 mg/kg,耕地最低,为112.55 mg/kg,耕地土壤缓效钾含量最高,为277.25 mg/kg;除土壤物理性黏粒、细粉粒和p H值呈弱-中等变异外,其他指标均呈中等变异;土壤物理性黏粒、有机质、碱解氮和速效磷的相关强度较大,在改善土壤物理性质和促进养分循环中起着重要作用,是土壤质量的关键因子;以林地(封育)为对照,草地、灌丛草地和耕地的土壤退化指数(soil degradation index,简称SDI)分别为-1.18%、128.80%、-153.59%,耕地土壤退化指数最低,退化程度最高。研究表明,土地利用变化对喀斯特石漠化区土壤物理和化学性状差异明显,相对林地而言,在提高和维护土壤质量性状方面,草地和灌丛草地具有较好的效果,草地土壤质量相对提高,耕地则相对较差,土壤质量发生了严重的退化。
[Abstract]:Different land use patterns of karst rocky desertification ecosystem in Qinglong County of Guizhou Province were studied. The soil of rocky desertification habitat under woodland (fencing) condition was compared with that of shrub grassland by using space instead of time method. Effects of grassland and cultivated land use patterns on soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties under different land use patterns in karst rocky desertification area. Under different land use patterns, the content of soil physical clay appeared as woodland, shrub and grassland, and the content of soil organic matter in grassland (143.36 g/kg). Total nitrogen content (7.82 g/kg) and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content (362.77 mg/kg) were significantly higher than other land use patterns. The contents of organic matter (56.22 g/kg), total nitrogen (3.10 g/kg) and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (125.22 mg/kg) in cultivated soil were significantly lower than those in other land use patterns. The content of available potassium in forest soil was the highest, which was the lowest in cultivated land of 192.15 mg/kg, and the highest in soil slowly available potassium content in cultivated land of 112.55 mg/kg, (277.25 mg/kg;). Except soil physical clay, fine powder and pH value showed weak to medium variation, other indexes showed medium variation. Soil physical clay, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus play an important role in improving soil physical properties and nutrient cycling, and are the key factors of soil quality. Compared with forestland (fencing), the soil degradation index (soil degradation index,) of grassland, shrub grassland and cultivated land was -1.180.128.80- 153.59cm, respectively. The soil degradation index of cultivated land was the lowest and the degree of cultivated land degradation was the highest. The results showed that land use change had obvious difference in soil physical and chemical properties in karst rocky desertification area. Compared with forest land, grassland and shrub grassland had better effects in improving and maintaining soil quality. Grassland soil quality is relatively improved, cultivated land is relatively poor, soil quality has been seriously degraded.
【作者单位】：贵州大学农学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(编号:31460133)
【分类号】：S151.9

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