长期施用有机肥对潮土土壤肥力及硝态氮运移规律的影响

发布时间：2019-01-26 18:00

【摘要】：以连续不同年限定位施用有机肥的小麦-玉米轮作农田为研究对象,设置4个处理:连续施用化肥(长期施用化肥,未施用有机肥);3年连续施用有机肥(不施化肥);5年连续施用有机肥(不施化肥);20年连续施用有机肥(不施化肥),探索不同年限连续有机施肥下土壤肥力、小麦产量和土体硝态氮累积量分布的变化。结果表明,连续施用有机肥可显著降低土壤容重、增加土壤中速效养分含量,且年限越长,效果越明显。化肥处理的小麦产量显著高于有机肥处理,有机肥处理中小麦产量随施肥年限的增加而降低,但无显著性差异。不同土壤深度硝态氮累积量表现为有机肥处理大于无机肥处理,小麦季大于玉米季;随着土壤深度增加土壤硝态氮累积量呈现先降低后增加的趋势,且各土层硝态氮累积量随施用有机肥年限增加而增加;通过分析80~100 cm土层硝态氮累积量发现,20年连续施用有机肥处理在此层的累积量最大达240 kg·hm~(-2)。由此可见,连续施用有机肥可降低小麦产量,连续20年施用有机肥土壤硝态氮总累积量和土体下层累积量均达到最大,具有一定的硝态氮淋失风险。因此,需采取一定的措施来增加作物产量,减少硝态氮累积,防止地下水硝态氮污染。
[Abstract]:Four treatments were set up in wheat-maize rotation field where organic fertilizer was applied continuously for different years: continuous application of chemical fertilizer (long-term chemical fertilizer, no organic fertilizer), three years of continuous application of organic fertilizer (no chemical fertilizer); Five years of continuous application of organic fertilizer (no fertilizer) and 20 years of continuous application of organic fertilizer (without chemical fertilizer) to explore the soil fertility, wheat yield and soil nitrate accumulation distribution under different years of continuous organic fertilization. The results showed that the continuous application of organic fertilizer could significantly reduce the bulk density of soil and increase the content of available nutrients in the soil, and the longer the number of years was, the more obvious the effect was. The wheat yield of chemical fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment, and the wheat yield decreased with the increase of fertilizer years, but there was no significant difference in wheat yield between organic fertilizer treatment and organic fertilizer treatment. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in different soil depth showed that organic fertilizer treatment was larger than inorganic fertilizer treatment, wheat season was larger than maize season. With the increase of soil depth, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen decreased first and then increased, and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen increased with the application of organic fertilizer. It was found that the maximum accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in this layer was 240 kg hm~ (-2) after 20 years of continuous application of organic fertilizer. It can be seen that continuous application of organic fertilizer can reduce wheat yield, and the total accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil and the accumulation of soil layer are the largest in 20 years of continuous application of organic fertilizer, and there is a certain risk of nitrate leaching. Therefore, some measures should be taken to increase crop yield, reduce nitrate accumulation and prevent groundwater nitrate pollution.
【作者单位】：山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所;农业部黄淮海重点实验室;山东省农业面源污染防控重点实验室;新西兰农业科学院鲁亚库拉研究中心;山东省农业科学院;
【基金】：公益性农业行业科研专项(201503106) 山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B09) “海外泰山学者”建设工程专项山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016DB28) 山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2016YQN40)~~
【分类号】：S158

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