菱镁矿粉尘污染土壤改良及玉米生长效应分析

发布时间：2019-02-11 17:30

【摘要】：根据菱镁矿区粉尘污染土壤pH较高、养分含量较低及水溶性Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+)较大的特点,采用盆栽试验研究了糠醛渣、磷石膏分别以不同比例施入污染土壤后土壤理化性质的变化及对玉米幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:糠醛渣能有效降低菱镁矿粉尘污染土壤pH值,显著增加有机质含量;添加比例为5%~30%时,土壤pH从9.34降低到8.96~7.61,土壤有机质增加了1.19~13.19倍;磷石膏能显著提高土壤水溶性Ca~(2+)含量,有效调节土壤Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+)比;添加比例为5%~30%时,土壤Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+)降低了92.4%~94.9%;相同比例条件下,添加磷石膏时土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)及玉米幼苗生长指标优于添加糠醛渣的处理;糠醛渣与磷石膏添加比例在5%~15%时,土壤MBC、MBN、玉米幼苗最大根长、株高、生物量、叶片叶绿素含量均呈增加趋势,添加比例为15%~30%时逐渐下降,添加比例为15%时达到最大,土壤MBC分别增加2.02倍和2.27倍,MBN增加4.75倍和5.54倍,玉米幼苗最大根长增加1.05倍和1.14倍,株高增加1.15倍和1.34倍,生物量增加1.47和1.58倍,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性也较高。因此,糠醛渣和磷石膏是改良菱镁矿区粉尘污染土壤理化性质的潜在材料,15%添加比例的改良效果优于其他处理。
[Abstract]:Based on the characteristics of high pH, low nutrient content and water-soluble Mg~ _ (2) / Ca~ (2) in magnesite dust polluted soil, furfural residue was studied by pot experiment. Effects of phosphogypsum on the growth of maize seedlings and the changes of soil physical and chemical properties after different proportions of phosphogypsum were applied to contaminated soil. The results showed that furfural slag could effectively reduce the pH value of magnesite dust polluted soil and increase the content of organic matter significantly, and when the proportion of furfural residue was 5 ~ 30, the soil pH decreased from 9.34 to 8.96 ~ 7.61, and the soil organic matter increased by 1.19 ~ 13.19 times. Phosphogypsum could significantly increase the content of water-soluble Ca~ (2) in soil and regulate the ratio of Mg~ (2) / Ca~ (2) effectively, and the ratio of Mg~ (2) / Ca~ (2) decreased 92.44% when the ratio of Mg~ (2) to Ca~ (2) was 5 ~ 30%. Under the same proportion, the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and maize seedling growth index were better than that of furfural residue added in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and maize seedling growth index. When the ratio of furfural residue and phosphogypsum was 5 ~ 15, the maximum root length, plant height, biomass and chlorophyll content in leaves of MBC,MBN, maize seedlings increased, and the proportion of 15 ~ 30% decreased gradually. Soil MBC increased 2.02 and 2.27 times, MBN increased 4.75 and 5.54 times, maximum root length of maize seedlings increased 1.05 and 1.14 times, plant height increased 1.15 and 1.34 times respectively. The biomass increased by 1.47 and 1.58 times, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were also higher. Therefore, furfural slag and phosphogypsum are potential materials for improving the physical and chemical properties of dust contaminated soil in magnesite area, and the improvement effect of 15% addition ratio is better than that of other treatments.
【作者单位】：贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院;中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所;
【基金】：贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2013]2299号) 贵州省科学技术联合基金项目(黔科合LH字[2014]7180号)资助
【分类号】：S156;S513

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