茵陈蒿群落垂直结构对坡面产流产沙过程的影响

发布时间：2019-02-11 19:07

【摘要】：为探究茵陈蒿群落不同垂直结构对产流、产沙过程的影响,利用人工模拟降雨试验的方法,研究了不同垂直结构的茵陈蒿群落坡面侵蚀过程。结果表明:在植被盖度相同条件下,茵陈蒿多层群落结构(茵陈蒿+狗尾草+生物结皮)和双层群落结构(茵陈蒿+生物结皮)的减流、减沙效果显著优于单层群落结构,二者的减流效益分别为40.5%和22.6%,减沙效益分别为86.6%和73.5%。不同垂直结构的茵陈蒿群落累积产沙量均可表示为累积产流量的幂函数(R~20.98),表现为累积产沙量随累积产流量的增加而增加,且随群落结构层数的增加,3种垂直结构群落的累积产沙量增幅减小。植物根系可以改善土壤结构,增加降水入渗,减少地表径流,是影响产流、产沙过程的关键因素。因此,群落垂直层次多、组分复杂、整体预防水土流失的能力也相应较强。对易于形成植被空层的草地群落,应当重视其低层植被建设,加强草地群落垂直结构及其水土保持功能的相关研究,以期为黄土高原草地植被恢复和结构配置优化提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of different vertical structure of Artemisia capillaris community on runoff and sediment yield, the erosion process of Artemisia capillaris community with different vertical structure was studied by simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that under the condition of the same vegetation coverage, the flow reduction of multilayer community structure (Artemisia capillaris) and double layer community structure (Artemisia capillaris) was better than that of single layer community structure. The benefit of reducing flow is 40.5% and 22.6respectively, and the benefit of sediment reduction is 86.6% and 73.555%, respectively. The cumulative sediment yield of Artemisia capillaris communities with different vertical structures can be expressed as the power function of cumulative runoff (R _ (20. 98), which shows that the cumulative sediment yield increases with the increase of cumulative runoff, and increases with the increase of the number of layers of community structure. The increase of accumulative sediment yield of three vertical structure communities decreased. Plant roots can improve soil structure, increase precipitation infiltration and reduce surface runoff, which are the key factors affecting runoff and sediment yield. Therefore, there are many vertical layers and complex components in the community, and the ability of preventing soil and water loss is relatively strong. To the grassland community which is easy to form the vegetation empty layer, we should pay attention to its lower level vegetation construction, strengthen the research of vertical structure of grassland community and its soil and water conservation function. In order to provide theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and structural configuration optimization in Loess Plateau.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学林学院;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“土壤有效N升高对白羊草群落特征及土壤侵蚀过程的影响机制”(41471438) 西北农林科技大学基本科研业务项目“植被恢复影响坡面流土壤分离过程机理研究”(Z109021539) 中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划西部博士资助项目“黄土高原植物根系抑制土壤侵蚀效应研究”(K318021403)
【分类号】：S157

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