南亚热带五种人工林林下植物与土壤微生物群落变化及其环境解释
发布时间：2019-02-15 15:04
【摘要】：本文通过对南亚热带五种典型人工林：马尾松、杉木、米老排、红椎和火力楠林下植物群落和土壤微生物群落结构、物种-环境关系的研究,重点探讨环境变量对林下植物群落、土壤微生物群落的影响。研究旨在比较五种不同人工林林下植物群落、土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的差异,并系统分析南亚热带人工针叶林和阔叶林生物多样性的制约因素,从而为本地区人工林的营林管理、林下生物多样性维持、植被的恢复、改良土壤结构提供理论依据。研究方法：在研究区选择林龄、营林措施、坡向坡度基本一致的马尾松林、杉木林、米老排林、红椎林和火力楠林,通过布设标准样方、物种调查和样品采集,实验室内样品分析,对林下灌木层、草本层植物群落和土壤微生物群落组成进行分析等,采用单因素方差分析、皮尔森相关分析、冗余度分析法(RDA)以及偏冗余度分析等方法结合环境因子,探讨了南亚热带五种典型人工林林下植物与土壤微生物群落结构的差异,以及乔木层结构(生物变量)和立地条件(生境变量)对它们的影响。结果表明：1.在五种人工林中,针叶林(马尾松和杉木)灌木层植物多样性高于阔叶林(米老排、红椎和火力楠),而五种林分之间草本层的植物多样性差异不显著：草本层与灌木层植物多样性正相关性显著。2.影响灌木层植物群落结构的主要环境因子有三类：一是反映地形的指标(海拔)；二是反映乔木层特征的指标(林分类型、叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、透射系数和林分公顷断面积)：三是反映土壤性质的指标(土壤有机碳、全钾、速效钾、C/N、pH值、通气孔度)。在影响灌木层植物群落组成的因子中,以平均叶倾角、透射系数、林分类型、公顷断面积表示的生物变量解释百分比远大于以海拔和反应土壤性质的指标所表示的生境变量。3.影响不同林分类型草本层植物群落组成的主要环境因子除林分类型外,其他均与灌木层相同；针叶林与阔叶林的草本层群落组成及限制因子有显著差异；在决定草本层植物格局变异中,生境变量的作用略大于以乔木层特征指标表示的生物变量。4.在五种人工林中,针叶林土壤微生物生物量极显著高于阔叶林；细菌、放线菌、原生生物的生物量,针叶林显著高于阔叶林。阔叶林的细菌群落、革兰氏阴性菌群落、真菌群落、原生生物群落的磷脂脂肪酸百分比含量高于针叶林的。5.影响土壤微生物群落组成的主要因子有：林分类型、林分公顷断面积、叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、透射系数、土壤碳氮比、土壤速效钾、土壤含水量、细根生物量。五种不同林分类型中,生物变量对微生物群落组成的解释部分远高于生境变量,且生物因子与生境因子的交互作用占的比例较高。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the structure of plant community and soil microbial community and the relationship between species and environment in five typical plantations of subtropical forests: Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, rice row, red vertebrae and firewood were studied. The effects of environmental variables on undergrowth plant community and soil microbial community were discussed. The purpose of this study was to compare the composition and diversity of plant communities and soil microbial communities in five different plantations, and to systematically analyze the factors restricting the biodiversity of subtropical artificial coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests. Therefore, it can provide theoretical basis for the management of plantation, the maintenance of biodiversity, the restoration of vegetation and the improvement of soil structure. Methods: to select Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, rice row forest, red vertebrae forest and firewood forest with the same slope gradient in the study area, and set up standard sample square, species investigation and sample collection. The composition of plant community and soil microbial community in understory shrub layer, herbaceous layer and soil were analyzed by single factor variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Methods of redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial redundancy analysis (RDA), combined with environmental factors, were used to study the differences between plant and soil microbial communities in five typical subtropical plantations. And the effects of tree layer structure (biological variable) and site condition (habitat variable) on them. The results show that: 1. The diversity of shrub layer plants in coniferous forest (Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata) was higher than that in broad-leaved forest (rice row, red vertebra and firewood). But the plant diversity of herbaceous layer was not significant among the five kinds of stands: the plant diversity of herbaceous layer and shrub layer was significantly correlated with that of herbaceous layer and shrub layer. 2. There are three main environmental factors that affect the structure of shrub plant community: one is the index reflecting topography (altitude); The second is the index reflecting the characteristics of tree layer (stand type, leaf area index, mean leaf inclination, transmission coefficient and stand area); the third is the index reflecting soil properties (soil organic carbon, total potassium, available potassium, C / N, pH value). Ventilation porosity Among the factors affecting the composition of shrub plant community, the average leaf inclination, transmission coefficient, stand type, The percentage of biological variables explained by the area of a hectare is much larger than the habitat variable expressed by the indicators of elevation and soil properties. The main environmental factors affecting the community composition of herbaceous layer of different stand types were the same as shrub layer except the type of stand, and the community composition and limiting factors of herbaceous layer in coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest were significantly different. In determining the variation of plant pattern in herbaceous layer, the role of habitat variable is slightly greater than that of biological variable expressed by characteristic index of Arbor layer. 4. The soil microbial biomass of coniferous forest was significantly higher than that of broad-leaved forest, and the biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes and protozoa was significantly higher in coniferous forest than in broad-leaved forest. The percentage of phospholipid fatty acids in the bacterial community, Gram-negative community, fungal community and protozoa of broad-leaved forest was higher than that in coniferous forest. The main factors affecting the composition of soil microbial communities were: stand type, stand area per hectare, leaf area index, mean leaf inclination, transmission coefficient, soil C / N ratio, soil available potassium, soil water content and fine root biomass. Among the five different stand types, the biological variables explained the composition of microbial communities much higher than the habitat variables, and the interaction between biological factors and habitat factors accounted for a higher proportion.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3
本文编号：2423473
[Abstract]:In this paper, the structure of plant community and soil microbial community and the relationship between species and environment in five typical plantations of subtropical forests: Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, rice row, red vertebrae and firewood were studied. The effects of environmental variables on undergrowth plant community and soil microbial community were discussed. The purpose of this study was to compare the composition and diversity of plant communities and soil microbial communities in five different plantations, and to systematically analyze the factors restricting the biodiversity of subtropical artificial coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests. Therefore, it can provide theoretical basis for the management of plantation, the maintenance of biodiversity, the restoration of vegetation and the improvement of soil structure. Methods: to select Pinus massoniana forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, rice row forest, red vertebrae forest and firewood forest with the same slope gradient in the study area, and set up standard sample square, species investigation and sample collection. The composition of plant community and soil microbial community in understory shrub layer, herbaceous layer and soil were analyzed by single factor variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Methods of redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial redundancy analysis (RDA), combined with environmental factors, were used to study the differences between plant and soil microbial communities in five typical subtropical plantations. And the effects of tree layer structure (biological variable) and site condition (habitat variable) on them. The results show that: 1. The diversity of shrub layer plants in coniferous forest (Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata) was higher than that in broad-leaved forest (rice row, red vertebra and firewood). But the plant diversity of herbaceous layer was not significant among the five kinds of stands: the plant diversity of herbaceous layer and shrub layer was significantly correlated with that of herbaceous layer and shrub layer. 2. There are three main environmental factors that affect the structure of shrub plant community: one is the index reflecting topography (altitude); The second is the index reflecting the characteristics of tree layer (stand type, leaf area index, mean leaf inclination, transmission coefficient and stand area); the third is the index reflecting soil properties (soil organic carbon, total potassium, available potassium, C / N, pH value). Ventilation porosity Among the factors affecting the composition of shrub plant community, the average leaf inclination, transmission coefficient, stand type, The percentage of biological variables explained by the area of a hectare is much larger than the habitat variable expressed by the indicators of elevation and soil properties. The main environmental factors affecting the community composition of herbaceous layer of different stand types were the same as shrub layer except the type of stand, and the community composition and limiting factors of herbaceous layer in coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest were significantly different. In determining the variation of plant pattern in herbaceous layer, the role of habitat variable is slightly greater than that of biological variable expressed by characteristic index of Arbor layer. 4. The soil microbial biomass of coniferous forest was significantly higher than that of broad-leaved forest, and the biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes and protozoa was significantly higher in coniferous forest than in broad-leaved forest. The percentage of phospholipid fatty acids in the bacterial community, Gram-negative community, fungal community and protozoa of broad-leaved forest was higher than that in coniferous forest. The main factors affecting the composition of soil microbial communities were: stand type, stand area per hectare, leaf area index, mean leaf inclination, transmission coefficient, soil C / N ratio, soil available potassium, soil water content and fine root biomass. Among the five different stand types, the biological variables explained the composition of microbial communities much higher than the habitat variables, and the interaction between biological factors and habitat factors accounted for a higher proportion.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3
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