农业废弃物还田对黑土温室气体排放及全球增温潜势的影响

发布时间：2019-02-19 21:09

【摘要】：【目的】研究牛粪、鸡粪、玉米秸秆与化肥配施还田,对黑土温室气体排放及全球增温潜势的影响。【方法】采用静态箱法,试验共设5个处理,分别为:空白对照,单施化肥,牛粪还田配施50%化肥氮(化肥中氮的质量分数为肥料中总氮量的50%),鸡粪还田配施50%化肥氮,秸秆还田配施90%化肥氮。除对照外各处理总施氮量为240kg·hm~(-2)。【结果】各处理中秸秆还田处理的CO_2平均排放通量及总排放量最高,分别达388.96 mg·m~(-2)·h-1和14 718.97 kg·hm~(-2),且追施氮肥明显增加CO_2的排放;单施化肥处理CH_4平均吸收通量及总吸收量最高,分别达0.042 mg·m~(-2)·h-1和1.36 kg·hm~(-2);单施化肥处理N_2O平均排放通量及总排放量最高,分别达0.153 mg·m~(-2)·h-1和5.75 kg·hm~(-2)。秸秆还田处理的全球增温潜势显著高于其他处理,牛粪还田处理较单施化肥处理全球增温潜势降低,但差异不显著。【结论】秸秆覆盖会增加黑土中的CO_2的排放,旱田土壤是大气中CH_4的重要吸收汇,有机无机肥配施对比单施化肥能减少土壤中N_2O的排放,各农业废弃物还田处理对大气变暖贡献程度不同。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effect of mixed application of cow manure, chicken manure, corn straw and chemical fertilizer on greenhouse gas emission and global warming potential of black soil. Only applying chemical fertilizer, cow manure was returned to the field with 50% fertilizer nitrogen (the mass fraction of nitrogen in fertilizer was 50% of the total nitrogen in fertilizer), chicken manure was returned to field with 50% fertilizer nitrogen, straw was returned to field with 90% fertilizer nitrogen. The total nitrogen application amount of each treatment was 240kg hm~ (-2). [results] the average emission flux and total emission of CO_2 of straw returning treatment were the highest. 388.96 mg m-2 h-1 and 14 718.97 kg hm~ (-2), respectively, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the CO_2 emission. The average absorption flux and total absorption capacity of CH_4 under single fertilizer application were the highest, reaching 0.042 mg m-2 h-1 and 1.36 kg hm~ (-2), respectively. The average emission flux and total emission of N2O in single fertilizer treatment were the highest, reaching 0.153 mg m-2 h-1 and 5.75 kg hm~ (-2), respectively. The global warming potential of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the global warming potential of cattle manure returning treatment was lower than that of single fertilizer treatment, but the difference was not significant. [conclusion] Straw mulching can increase CO_2 emission in black soil. Dry soil is an important absorption sink of CH_4 in the atmosphere, organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can reduce N _ 2O emission in soil, and the contribution of different agricultural wastes to atmospheric warming is different.
【作者单位】：吉林农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B05,2011BAD16B10-2,2012BAD04B02-2)
【分类号】：S141

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