北京近郊耕地土壤性质空间变异性研究及肥力综合评价
发布时间：2019-02-28 14:25
【摘要】：本研究运用ArcGIS和地统计学相结合的方法研究了北京近郊土壤的pH、容重、有机质、全氮、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾七种肥力性质的空间结构,分析了土壤养分空间变异性的影响因素,应用综合指数法进行综合评价,对其肥力状况进行了丰缺评价。结果表明：(1)3月份和11月份采集的0-50cm、50-100cm七种肥力性质的变异系数范围在1.76-98.51%之间,其中pH的变异系数最低,仅为1%左右。(2)通过半方差函数分析,各向同性下,3月份和11月份不同土层七种土壤性质主要符合高斯模型和指数模型,3月份0-50cm和50一100cm土壤各项性质含量的变程变化较大,分别为6.65-151.55 km和18.89-166.50 km范围内,且七种性质在一定间距内均存在强烈的空间相关性,其空间变异主要是由结构性因素引起；11月份0-50cm全氮、有效磷和速效钾的块金效应值在0-19%之间,表现出十分强烈的空间自相关性；而土壤有机质和硝态氮空间相关性中等,是由随机因素和结构性因素共同起作用导致的。(3)各向异性下,3月份和11月份不同土层各性质在四个方向上,块金值、基台值和变程均相同,说明各指标在这四个方向上有趋向于同向性的趋势,空间变异性不明显,说明其受母质等结构性因素影响较小,受人为施肥,耕作等措施影响较大,使得其空间变异较弱。(4)流域东北部的顺义区土壤过粘重；研究区土壤整体呈现弱碱性；11月份较3月份土壤有机质含量增加,但整个研究区有机质含量均处于中等偏缺乏水平；3月份和11月份土壤全氮和硝态氮的含量表现出相同的变化趋势,11月份的较3月份都有大幅下降,3月份北部地区的表层土壤全氮和硝态氮含量高于南部地区,呈现块状分布；11月份有效磷和速效钾含量较3月份都有所增加,出现富集现象。但是与北京市土壤养分分级标准来看,整个研究区各养分状况都属于中等偏缺乏水平。(5)昌平东南部和顺义西南部3月份表层土壤综合肥力较高,综合肥力指数达到(IFI)0.7,为I级水平区,经过一年的种植后,11月份该区域含量大幅下降,Ⅰ级水平区由原来的10494 hm2下降为0 hm2,只剩0.33%的区域处于Ⅱ级水平区,原来大兴区全部区域和通州区的城乡交界处对应的IFI指数为0.3-0.5的中等偏低肥力区都下降为0.3的低等至极低等水平区。因此对于肥力的管理,我们应该进行分区管理,含量较低的区域增施有机肥以此来提高土壤肥力,而对于较高的地区实行控制化肥施用的原则,避免造成土壤富集现象,对区域农业环境造成污染。
[Abstract]:In this study, the spatial structure of pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soils of Beijing suburb were studied by means of ArcGIS and geostatistics, and the spatial structures of soil pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were studied. The influencing factors of spatial variability of soil nutrients were analyzed. The comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the fertility status of soil nutrients. The results are as follows: (1) the coefficient of variation of the seven fertility properties collected in March and November is between 1.76 and 98.51%, and the coefficient of variation of pH is the lowest, and the coefficient of variation between 50 and 100 cm is between 1.76 and 98.51%, among which the coefficient of variation is the lowest. (2) through the analysis of semi-variance function, seven soil properties of different soil layers in March and November are mainly in accordance with Gao Si's model and exponential model, according to the analysis of semi-variance function. In March, the variation range of soil properties of 0-50cm and 50-100cm was 6.65 ~ 151.55 km and 18.89 ~ 166.50 km, respectively, and there was strong spatial correlation among the seven properties within a certain distance. The spatial variation is mainly caused by structural factors. In November, the block gold effect values of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-50cm were between 0 and 19%, showing a strong spatial autocorrelation. The spatial correlation between soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen is moderate, which is caused by random factors and structural factors. (3) under anisotropy, the properties of different soil layers in March and November are in four directions, the block gold value. The platform value and variation range are the same, indicating that each index tends to be homogenous in these four directions, and the spatial variability is not obvious, indicating that it is less affected by structural factors such as parent matter, and is greatly affected by artificial fertilization, tillage and other measures. The spatial variation is weak. (4) the soil overviscosity in Shunyi area in the northeast of the basin; The content of soil organic matter in November was higher than that in March, but the content of organic matter in the whole study area was at the level of moderate deficiency. The contents of soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed the same change trend in March and November, and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil in the northern part of March were higher than those in the southern part of China, and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil in the northern part of March were significantly lower than those in March. Block distribution; The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in November were higher than those in March. However, according to the classification standard of soil nutrients in Beijing, the nutrient status of the whole study area belongs to medium deficiency level. (5) the topsoil comprehensive fertility of southeast Changping and southwestern Shunyi was higher in March. The comprehensive fertility index reached (IFI) 0.7, which was at the level of grade I. After one year of planting, the content of the region decreased significantly in November, from 10494 hm2 to 0 hm2, in the level 鈪，
本文编号：2431876
[Abstract]:In this study, the spatial structure of pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soils of Beijing suburb were studied by means of ArcGIS and geostatistics, and the spatial structures of soil pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were studied. The influencing factors of spatial variability of soil nutrients were analyzed. The comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the fertility status of soil nutrients. The results are as follows: (1) the coefficient of variation of the seven fertility properties collected in March and November is between 1.76 and 98.51%, and the coefficient of variation of pH is the lowest, and the coefficient of variation between 50 and 100 cm is between 1.76 and 98.51%, among which the coefficient of variation is the lowest. (2) through the analysis of semi-variance function, seven soil properties of different soil layers in March and November are mainly in accordance with Gao Si's model and exponential model, according to the analysis of semi-variance function. In March, the variation range of soil properties of 0-50cm and 50-100cm was 6.65 ~ 151.55 km and 18.89 ~ 166.50 km, respectively, and there was strong spatial correlation among the seven properties within a certain distance. The spatial variation is mainly caused by structural factors. In November, the block gold effect values of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-50cm were between 0 and 19%, showing a strong spatial autocorrelation. The spatial correlation between soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen is moderate, which is caused by random factors and structural factors. (3) under anisotropy, the properties of different soil layers in March and November are in four directions, the block gold value. The platform value and variation range are the same, indicating that each index tends to be homogenous in these four directions, and the spatial variability is not obvious, indicating that it is less affected by structural factors such as parent matter, and is greatly affected by artificial fertilization, tillage and other measures. The spatial variation is weak. (4) the soil overviscosity in Shunyi area in the northeast of the basin; The content of soil organic matter in November was higher than that in March, but the content of organic matter in the whole study area was at the level of moderate deficiency. The contents of soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen showed the same change trend in March and November, and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil in the northern part of March were higher than those in the southern part of China, and the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the topsoil in the northern part of March were significantly lower than those in March. Block distribution; The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in November were higher than those in March. However, according to the classification standard of soil nutrients in Beijing, the nutrient status of the whole study area belongs to medium deficiency level. (5) the topsoil comprehensive fertility of southeast Changping and southwestern Shunyi was higher in March. The comprehensive fertility index reached (IFI) 0.7, which was at the level of grade I. After one year of planting, the content of the region decreased significantly in November, from 10494 hm2 to 0 hm2, in the level 鈪，
本文编号：2431876
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