沟眶象关键基础生物学特性研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 15:35

【摘要】：沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis (Olivier)是我国专一危害臭椿Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle的林业检疫性有害生物,近年来在宁夏广泛发生,严重威胁农田防护林的主要树种·臭椿。沟眶象及其近缘种臭椿沟眶象E. brandti (Harold)在生产上容易混淆,诸多文献对其生物学特性也未明确区分。本文在前人研究基础上,对沟眶象的补充营养、产卵特性、为害特点等与防治有关的关键生物学特性进行了研究。主要研究结果如下：1.沟眶象成虫羽化出土后如不补充营养,仅10%-20%的成虫能产下极少量不可育的卵粒。在取食臭椿材料或苹果等材料约10d后则均可以产下可育卵。饲喂不同补充营养材料下,沟眶象取食臭椿萌生苗、2-3年生枝条时繁殖力较强,其产卵总量和孵化率极显著高于取食苹果和蜂蜜水的处理。2.明确了沟眶象成虫的产卵场所与产卵行为。在自然条件下,沟眶象将卵产于臭椿附近的土壤中,而非臭椿树干韧皮部。沟眶象以喙辅助作产卵孔,调转虫体后产卵,并用产卵器覆土掩盖卵粒。3.土壤含水量对沟眶象产卵有显著影响。沟眶象产卵适应力较强,其产卵量与土壤含水量呈正相关,干燥沙壤土下沟眶象的产卵量显著低于10%-15%的处理,极显著低于15%-20%的处理。土壤中是否有根系及其与土壤含水量两者的交互作用对沟眶象产卵影响不显著。4.根据戴氏法则进行沟眶象幼虫头壳、背板频数分析,认为沟眶象幼虫划分为6龄较为合理；头壳和背板都是较好的区分方法,以头壳划分更为合理。5.测定了沟眶象成虫和幼虫的取食量。幼虫在2-3龄以及4-5龄体重迅速增长,在6龄期间沟眶象准备化蛹,体重下降。幼虫取食根系形成的坑道不规则,其宽度与幼虫身体宽度相近。小幼虫坑道通常不可见,大龄幼虫坑道主要是沿着根系呈螺旋状前进。6.以乙醇溶解臭椿受害根系部位的胶土复合物,过滤后测定了臭椿受沟眶象幼虫钻蛀后流胶的成分,发现主要是大分子烷烃类物质,不含可挥发性成分。
[Abstract]:The Orbital Image Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis (Olivier) is a Special harm to Toona altissima Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) in China. The forest quarantine pest of Swingle occurred widely in Ningxia in recent years, which seriously threatened the main tree species of farmland shelterbelt, Toona odoratum. The orbital image of sulcus and its relative species, E. brandti (Harold), are easy to be confused in production, and their biological characteristics have not been clearly distinguished in many literatures. On the basis of previous studies, the key biological characteristics related to the prevention and treatment of orbital grooves, such as supplementary nutrition, oviposition characteristics and damage characteristics, were studied in this paper. The main findings are as follows: 1. Only 10% ~ 20% of the adults could produce a very small number of sterile eggs if they were not supplied with nutrition after the emergence and unearthed of Orbital Elephant (Orbital Elephant). The fertile eggs can be produced after about 10 days of feeding on Toona sinensis or apple etc. The sprouting seedlings of Toona vulgaris were more fertile when they were 2-3 years old. The total amount of oviposition and hatching rate were significantly higher than those of apple and honey water treatment. 2.2.In the treatment of feeding on apple and honey water, the hatching rate and the total spawning amount were significantly higher than that of apple and honey water. The spawning site and oviposition behavior of the adult of Orbital Elephant were clarified. Under natural conditions, the grooves lay eggs in the soil near Toona sinensis, rather than in the trunk phloem of Toona odorifolium. The gully-orbital elephant uses the beak-assisted oviposition hole to adjust the oviposition of the insect body and cover the egg grains with the spawning apparatus. 3. Soil water content had a significant effect on oviposition of Orphophorus obliquus. There was a positive correlation between the oviposition quantity and soil moisture content. The oviposition amount of the lower furrow orbital elephant in dry sandy soil was significantly lower than that of 10% ~ 15% and very significantly lower than that of 15% / 20% treatment. Whether there is root system in soil and its interaction with soil water content have no significant effect on oviposition of Orbophora grooves. 4. According to Diane's rule, the analysis of the frequency of the dorsal plate and the head shell of the larva shows that it is reasonable to divide the larva into the 6th instar, and that the head shell and the dorsal plate are the better methods to distinguish the larva, and the division of the head shell is more reasonable. 5. The feeding quantity of adult and larva of Orbophorus grooves was measured. The body weight of the larvae increased rapidly at the 3rd instar and the 5th instar at the 2nd and 5th instar. During the 6th instar, the furrow orbital image was ready to pupate, and the body weight decreased. Larva feeding root system formed irregular tunnel, its width and larval body width is similar. Small larva tunnels are usually invisible, and older larva tunnels are mainly spiraling along the root system. 6. The gum-soil complex in the affected root part of Toona odorifolium was dissolved by ethanol. After filtration, the composition of gum after drilling by the Orbital Elephant larva of Toona odorifera was determined. It was found that it was mainly a macromolecular alkane and did not contain volatile components.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.5

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