近代中国农科的早期发展及其美国化趋向

发布时间：2019-03-01 17:39

【摘要】：20世纪初期,农学科作为中国近代知识生产与再生产的产物,在"西方崇拜"社会心理的驱动下,渐次演化到一个新的发展阶段,典型特征即由模仿日本转向效法美国,在学制与组织体系、教职员构成以及教科风格等方面,均呈现出明显的美国化发展趋向。就空间分布言,美国农科样式缘起于东南地区金陵大学、东南大学农科之创建,然后各向南北扩展,并波及早先以日本农科为典范创立之学校;就创办主体言,现代派传教士或教会大学为其始作俑者,继而为留美学生群体所主导并推广,他们借助全国学制改革的声势使其制度化、合法化。期间,农专"改大"运动几乎与其并行相随,合力拓展了农科的地理版图,同时也加强了美国农科样式以及美国留学生的地位和影响,因受学术与政治以及教学需求的实际制约,日本等域外因素不可能完全消退。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the 20th century, as the product of knowledge production and reproduction in modern China, agriculture gradually evolved to a new stage of development, driven by the social psychology of "Western worship", and the typical feature was that it changed from imitating Japan to imitating the United States. There are obvious trends of Americanization in the aspects of academic system and organizational system, the composition of teaching staff and the style of teaching. As far as spatial distribution is concerned, the American agricultural style originated from Jinling University in the southeast of China, and then spread to the north and south, and spread to the earlier schools founded by Japanese agricultural science. As far as the founding subject is concerned, modernist missionaries or missionaries are the initiators, and then they are dominated and promoted by the group of students who stay in the United States. They institutionalize and legalize them through the sound of the reform of the national academic system. During the period, the "transforming the big" movement of the Agricultural College almost went hand in hand with it, and worked together to expand the geographical map of agricultural sciences, and at the same time strengthened the American agricultural style and the status and influence of American students studying abroad. Foreign factors, such as Japan, cannot recede completely because of the practical constraints of academic, political and teaching needs.
【作者单位】：河北师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：S-09

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