秦岭山地典型林分下的土壤生物学特征研究
发布时间：2019-03-01 18:40
【摘要】：森林在人类的生产和生活中发挥着重要的作用,是人类不可或缺的资源,作为自然环境的主要碳库,森林生态系统的保护以及可发利用一直都是人们关注的方面。研究土壤酶和土壤微生物对于了解森林生态系统的功能,对于森林系统的保护和合理开发利用具有重要的现实意义。本试验以秦岭地区的锐齿栎、油松、华山松、松栎混交、云杉六个林地五种典型林分为研究对象,研究了内容如下:不同林分条件对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响;不同季节对四种纯林根际土壤与非根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响;六种林分不同土层深度下土壤理化性质以及土壤酶活性的变化以及它们之间的关系;四个季节条件下,土壤理化性质以及土壤酶活性的动态变化;通过室内模拟凋落物分解,研究了华山松和云杉凋落物分解对土壤酶活性、土壤CO2 C释放速率以及土壤微生物量碳的影响。得出了以下结论:1.林分对土壤微生物功能多样性产生影响,六种林分中,华山松土壤微生物功能多样性最高,位于不同地理位置的锐齿栎林之间土壤微生物功能多样性有显著差异。2.夏秋两季之间根际与非根际土壤微生物功能多样性之间差异显著,阔叶林夏秋两季根际土均小于非根际土,秋季要低于夏季;针叶林夏季根际小于非根际,秋季则相反,非根际土壤秋季比夏季低,根际则相反。3.随着土壤深度的增加,土壤基本理化性质呈降低的趋势,云杉和锐齿栎1林在六种林分中土壤养分水平最高,华山松和锐齿栎2林相对较低。土壤酶活性与基本理化性质规律相似,六种林分中云杉林总体酶活性最高,混交林最低。4.季节对土壤酶和基本理化性质均产生影响,其中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷总体表现为夏季升高,秋季和春季降低,速效钾则是春季最高;土壤总体酶活性表现为夏季最高,春季最低。土壤微生物量C夏季较高,春季较低,华山松在四种林分中土壤微生物量C最高。5.经过120天的腐解,两种凋落叶的剩余率为55.33%~60.67%,华山松凋落物分解速率高于云杉,凋落物分解速率前期快,后期慢;凋落叶的分解在不同程度上提高了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素酶的活性,土壤微生物量C在第7天最大。
[Abstract]:Forest plays an important role in human production and life and is an indispensable resource of human being. As the main carbon pool of natural environment, the protection and exploitable utilization of forest ecosystem have always been concerned. The study of soil enzymes and soil microorganisms is of great practical significance for understanding the function of forest ecosystem, for the protection of forest system and for the rational exploitation and utilization of forest system. Five typical forests of Quercus acuminata, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus massoniana and Picea spruce in Qinling area were studied in this study. The contents were as follows: the effects of different stand conditions on soil microbial functional diversity; The effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests, the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities and their relationship under different soil depth of six stands, and the effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests were studied. Dynamic changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity under four seasons; The effects of litter decomposition of Pinus huashan and Picea spruce on soil enzyme activity, soil CO2 C release rate and soil microbial biomass carbon were studied by simulating litter decomposition in laboratory. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Among the six stands, the soil microbial functional diversity of Pinus huashan was the highest, and the diversity of soil microbial function of Quercus acuminata forest was significantly different among different geographical locations. 2. There was a significant difference between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial functional diversity between summer and autumn. The rhizosphere soil in broad-leaved forest in summer and autumn was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil, but lower in autumn than in summer. In summer, the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is smaller than that of non-rhizosphere, but the autumn of non-rhizosphere soil is lower than that of summer, while the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is opposite. The soil basic physical and chemical properties decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil nutrient levels of Picea spruce and Quercus acuminata 1 stand were the highest in the six stands, while those of Pinus huashan and Quercus acuminata 2 were relatively low. The enzyme activity of soil was similar to that of basic physical and chemical properties. The total enzyme activity of Picea lanceolata forest was the highest in the six stands, and the lowest in mixed forest. 4. Season had influence on soil enzyme and basic physical and chemical properties, including organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus increased in summer, decreased in autumn and spring, and available potassium was the highest in spring, while organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased in summer, and decreased in autumn and spring. The soil enzyme activity was the highest in summer and the lowest in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was higher in summer and lower in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was the highest in four stands of Pinus huashan. 5. After 120 days of decay, the residual rate of litter was 55.33% / 60.67%. The decomposition rate of litter of Pinus huashan was higher than that of Picea spruce, and the decomposition rate of litter was fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage. The decomposition of litter increased the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, 尾-glucosidase and cellulase in different degrees, and the soil microbial biomass C was the highest on the 7th day.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3
本文编号：2432696
[Abstract]:Forest plays an important role in human production and life and is an indispensable resource of human being. As the main carbon pool of natural environment, the protection and exploitable utilization of forest ecosystem have always been concerned. The study of soil enzymes and soil microorganisms is of great practical significance for understanding the function of forest ecosystem, for the protection of forest system and for the rational exploitation and utilization of forest system. Five typical forests of Quercus acuminata, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus massoniana and Picea spruce in Qinling area were studied in this study. The contents were as follows: the effects of different stand conditions on soil microbial functional diversity; The effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests, the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities and their relationship under different soil depth of six stands, and the effects of different seasons on the microbial functional diversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four pure forests were studied. Dynamic changes of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity under four seasons; The effects of litter decomposition of Pinus huashan and Picea spruce on soil enzyme activity, soil CO2 C release rate and soil microbial biomass carbon were studied by simulating litter decomposition in laboratory. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Among the six stands, the soil microbial functional diversity of Pinus huashan was the highest, and the diversity of soil microbial function of Quercus acuminata forest was significantly different among different geographical locations. 2. There was a significant difference between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial functional diversity between summer and autumn. The rhizosphere soil in broad-leaved forest in summer and autumn was lower than that in non-rhizosphere soil, but lower in autumn than in summer. In summer, the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is smaller than that of non-rhizosphere, but the autumn of non-rhizosphere soil is lower than that of summer, while the rhizosphere of coniferous forest is opposite. The soil basic physical and chemical properties decreased with the increase of soil depth. The soil nutrient levels of Picea spruce and Quercus acuminata 1 stand were the highest in the six stands, while those of Pinus huashan and Quercus acuminata 2 were relatively low. The enzyme activity of soil was similar to that of basic physical and chemical properties. The total enzyme activity of Picea lanceolata forest was the highest in the six stands, and the lowest in mixed forest. 4. Season had influence on soil enzyme and basic physical and chemical properties, including organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus increased in summer, decreased in autumn and spring, and available potassium was the highest in spring, while organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased in summer, and decreased in autumn and spring. The soil enzyme activity was the highest in summer and the lowest in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was higher in summer and lower in spring. Soil microbial biomass C was the highest in four stands of Pinus huashan. 5. After 120 days of decay, the residual rate of litter was 55.33% / 60.67%. The decomposition rate of litter of Pinus huashan was higher than that of Picea spruce, and the decomposition rate of litter was fast in the early stage and slow in the later stage. The decomposition of litter increased the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, 尾-glucosidase and cellulase in different degrees, and the soil microbial biomass C was the highest on the 7th day.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714.3
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 杨万勤,王开运;森林土壤酶的研究进展[J];林业科学;2004年02期
2 许绍远;浙江省檫杉混交林调查初报[J];林业科技通讯;1979年04期
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