不同自然降雨雨型下红壤坡地地表径流和壤中流输出特征

发布时间：2019-03-04 08:29

【摘要】：我国南方红壤丘陵区受降雨和土壤性状影响,洪涝灾害与季节性干旱等问题并存,研究坡地降雨过程中径流输出特征具有重要意义。为此,利用江西省水土保持生态科技园内大型土壤渗漏装置,研究了3年期间32场天然次降雨下植草覆盖、干草敷盖和裸露3种不同处理的红壤坡地径流输出特征。结果表明,小雨雨型下,研究区红壤坡地均不产生地表径流;中雨雨型下,植草覆盖、干草敷盖、裸露处理的壤中流所占地表径流和壤中流总量比例分别为58%、80%和12%;对于促进降雨入渗,干草敷盖最优。大雨及以上雨型下,植草覆盖和干草敷盖处理以壤中流为主,占比分别为63%和64%,裸露处理以地表径流为主,占比93%。在红壤坡地开发中除栽种植物加强植被覆盖外,辅以敷盖措施能起到更好的保水保墒效果。
[Abstract]:The red soil hilly area in southern China is affected by rainfall and soil properties, and the flood disaster coexists with the seasonal drought. It is of great significance to study the runoff output characteristics in the rainfall process of sloping land. Based on the large-scale soil leakage device in the soil and water conservation ecological science and technology garden of Jiangxi Province, the runoff output characteristics of three different treatments of red soil slope land, including grass mulching, hay mulching and bare exposure, were studied under 32 natural rainfall events during the three-year period. The results showed that there was no surface runoff in the red soil slope of the study area under light rain, and under moderate rain, the proportion of surface runoff, 80% and 12% of the total runoff was 58%, 80% and 12%, respectively, which were covered by grass and hay under moderate rain type, and that the total amount of surface runoff was 58%, 80% and 12% respectively. For promoting rainfall infiltration, hay mulching is the best. Under heavy rain and above, soil middle flow was the main treatment of grass mulching and hay mulching, accounting for 63% and 64%, respectively, and surface runoff was dominant in bare treatment, accounting for 93%. In addition to planting plants to strengthen vegetation cover in the development of red soil sloping land, the application of mulching measures can play a better role in water conservation and soil moisture conservation.
【作者单位】：江西省水土保持科学研究院;江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461060,41501300) 水利部公益性项目(201401051) 江西省水利科技项目(KT201310,KT201521)
【分类号】：S157

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