旱涝急转对双季超级杂交稻产量形成及其生理特性的影响

发布时间：2019-03-08 20:07

【摘要】：“旱涝急转”是我国华南及长江中下游地区常发生性的一种气象灾害,为了探明“旱涝急转”对双季超级杂交稻产量形成及其生理特性的影响,本研究选用双季超级杂交稻品种早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五丰优T025为材料,于自然条件下“旱涝急转”常发生时段,采用桶栽方式,分别设置了不旱不涝、轻旱不涝、重旱不涝、不旱轻涝、轻旱轻涝急转、轻旱重涝急转、不旱重涝、轻旱重涝急转、重旱重涝急转等不同强度旱、涝组合进行人工模拟处理,考查产量、光合、渗透调节物质、保护酶系统、内源激素等生理特性,主要研究结果如下:1、旱、涝胁迫均造成超级杂交早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五丰优T025产量不同程度的下降,旱涝急转较单一旱或涝胁迫产量损失更为严重。与对照组(不旱不涝)相比:早稻2013年只旱不涝、不旱淹涝、旱涝急转的单株产量降幅分别为4.58%,9.32%,16.90%;早稻2014年轻旱不涝、重旱不涝、不旱轻涝、轻旱轻涝急转、重旱轻涝急转、不旱重涝、轻旱重涝急转、重旱重涝急转的单株产量降幅分别为17.30%,33.58%,18.74%,34.63%,28.37%,16.92%,24.04%,37.29%;晚稻2013年只旱不涝、不旱轻涝、不旱重涝、旱后轻涝急转、旱后重涝急转的单株产量降幅分别为29.34%,18.93%,6.47%,6.94%,12.52%;晚稻2014年轻旱不涝、重旱不涝、不旱轻涝、轻旱轻涝急转、重旱轻涝急转、不旱重涝、轻旱重涝急转、重旱重涝急转的单株产量降幅分别为19.32%,29.46%,10.53%,24.85%,38.68%,11.37%,23.03%,37.66%。旱、涝及其旱涝急转产量下降的主要原因在于单株有效穗数下降幅度大,其次是导致每穗总粒数的下降。总体上看,一定范围内旱涝急转对双季超级杂交稻产量形成具有一定的补偿作用,超过一定程度则表现叠加损伤作用,即旱、涝具有一定的阈值。2、生理指标上看,总体上旱、涝交替胁迫后初期,超级杂交早稻淦鑫203和晚稻五丰优T025的SPAD值、净光合作用、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度均下降,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、MDA含量以及POD、SOD和CAT等酶活性均上升,胁迫解除后均缓慢恢复至正常水平左右。叶片内源激素含量上,早稻表现为旱涝急转增加了ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA含量,提高了ZR/ABA、IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA比值,胁迫解除后均缓慢恢复至正常水平;晚稻表现为旱后轻涝急转降低了ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA含量,后期升高,存在一定的滞后补偿效应,旱后重涝急转增加了ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA含量,且ZR/ABA、IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA比值均高于正常水平。
[Abstract]:"drought and waterlogging" is a frequent meteorological disaster in South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to find out the effect of "drought and waterlogging" on the yield formation and physiological characteristics of double-cropping super hybrid rice, In this study, double-cropping super-hybrid rice variety Gan Xin 203 and late rice Wufengyou T025 were selected as materials. Under natural conditions, "drought-waterlogging" frequent period, using bucket planting method, respectively set up no drought, no waterlogging, no serious drought, no waterlogging. "No drought, light drought and severe waterlogging turn rapidly, light drought and heavy waterlogging, heavy drought and heavy waterlogging, and so on. The combination of flood and flood shall be treated with artificial simulation, and the yield, photosynthetic, osmotic adjustment substances, and protective enzyme systems shall be examined." The main results were as follows: 1. Drought and waterlogging stress resulted in the decrease of yield of super early hybrid rice Gan Xin 203 and late rice Wufengyou T025, and the yield loss of drought and waterlogging was more serious than that of single drought or waterlogging stress. Compared with the control group (no drought and no waterlogging), the yield of early rice was decreased by 4.58%, 9.32% and 16.90% respectively in 2013, and the yield was decreased by 4.58%, 9.32% and 16.90% respectively. In early rice 2014, young drought did not flood, heavy drought did not flood, light drought slight flood, no drought and heavy waterlogging, light drought and heavy waterlogging, heavy drought and heavy waterlogging, and the yield of heavy drought and heavy waterlogging turned sharply by 17.30%, 33.58% and 18.74%, respectively, and the yield of each plant was reduced by 17.30%, 33.58% and 18.74% respectively. 34.63%, 28.37%, 16.92%, 24.04%, 37.29%; In 2013, the yield of late rice was reduced by 29.34%, 18.93%, 6.47%, 6.94%, 12.52% respectively. In late rice 2014, young drought did not flood, heavy drought did not flood, light drought slight flood, light drought light flood, no drought and heavy waterlogging, light drought and heavy waterlogging, heavy drought and heavy waterlogging, and the yield of heavy drought and heavy waterlogging turned sharply by 19.32%, 29.46% and 10.53%, respectively, and the yield of each plant decreased by 19.32%, 29.46% and 10.53% respectively. 24.85%, 38.68%, 11.37%, 23.03%, 37.66%. The main reason for the decrease of yield of drought, waterlogging and drought and waterlogging was that the number of effective panicle per plant decreased greatly, followed by the decrease of total grain number per panicle. On the whole, drought and waterlogging in a certain range can compensate the yield formation of double-cropping super-hybrid rice to a certain extent, and show superimposed damage over a certain extent, that is, drought and waterlogging have a certain threshold value. 2. In general, the SPAD value, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of Gan Xin 203 and Wufeng you T025 decreased, free proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased in the early stage of drought and waterlogging alternation stress, and in the early stage of drought and waterlogging alternation stress, SPAD value, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular protein were all decreased. The content of MDA and enzyme activities such as POD,SOD and CAT increased, and returned to the normal level slowly after release of stress. The content of endogenous hormones in leaves of early rice showed that drought and flood increased the contents of ZR,GA3,IAA and ABA and increased the ratio of ZR/ABA,IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA and returned to the normal level slowly after relief of stress. Late rice showed that the content of ZR,GA3,IAA and ABA decreased rapidly after drought, and increased at the later stage, and there was some lag compensation effect. After drought, the content of ZR,GA3,IAA and ABA was increased, and the content of ZR/ABA, was increased by the rapid transformation of heavy waterlogging after drought. The ratio of IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA was higher than the normal level.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S511.42;S42

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