黄土高原沟壑区典型小流域不同洪水类型的侵蚀输沙特征

发布时间：2019-03-17 13:42

【摘要】：为明确黄土高原沟壑区不同洪水类型及不同水土保持治理时期的径流侵蚀输沙特征,根据相关标准从1964—1985年间的流域径流事件中挑选出100场洪水,利用快速聚类法和判别聚类法将筛选出来的100场洪水事件分成A、B、C三类,三种洪水类型表现出各异的径流输沙规律:累计径流量和累计输沙量所占比例最高的洪水类型为A型和C型洪水,所占比例分别为64%和74%;在流域产流能力上C型洪水的产流能力最强,B型洪水次之;根据方差分析结果,洪水类型对流域降雨产流能力、水土流失程度以及流域水沙关系均具有一定的影响,径流系数和输沙模数的显著减少和洪峰流量的降低表明多年来所进行的各类水保措施起到了拦蓄径流泥沙、削减洪峰的生态效用。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the characteristics of runoff erosion and sediment transport in different flood types and different soil and water conservation periods in gully region of the Loess Plateau, 100 floods were selected from the runoff events in the basin from 1964to 1985 according to the relevant standards. Using rapid clustering method and discriminant clustering method, the selected 100 flood events were divided into three categories: a, B, C. The three flood types show different runoff and sediment transport rules: the type A and type C flood with 64% and 74% of the total runoff discharge and the proportion of accumulative sediment transport are respectively 64% and 74% respectively, and the flood type with the highest cumulative runoff and sediment transport rate is type A and type C flood; The runoff-producing capacity of C-type flood is the strongest in river basin, followed by B-type flood. According to the results of ANOVA, the flood type has a certain influence on the rainfall runoff yield, the degree of soil and water loss and the relationship between water and sediment in the basin. The remarkable decrease of runoff coefficient and sediment transport modulus and the decrease of Hong Feng's discharge indicate that all kinds of soil and water conservation measures carried out over the years have played an important role in retaining runoff and sediment and reducing Hong Feng's ecological effect.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;黄河水利委员会西峰水土保持科学试验站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51239009,41171034) 陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划资助项目(14JS059) 陕西省水利科技计划资助项目(2016slkj-11)
【分类号】：S157.1

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