免耕玉米秸秆覆盖对大型土壤动物功能类群的影响

发布时间：2019-03-21 13:34

【摘要】：为探讨免耕玉米秸秆覆盖对大型土壤动物功能类群的影响,于2015年4、7、10月,在中国科学院吉林省沈阳应用生态研究所设在四平市梨树县保护性耕作试验基地的常规和免耕有无玉米秸秆覆盖的各样地上进行大型土壤动物群落调查。结果表明,各样地以腐食性个体密度为最高,类群数量以捕食性类群居多。相对于常规耕作样地,免耕有无秸秆覆盖增加了腐食性和捕食性类群个体密度,但对植食性和杂食性类群影响不显著。各样地腐食性和捕食性大型土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,而植食性和杂食性则无一致性表现。在季节变化上,腐食性和杂食性类群表现明显,腐食性类群密度最高出现在10月,杂食性类群密度最高值出现在7月。各样地腐食性类群组成极为相似,但捕食性、植食性和杂食性类群在常规耕作样地与NT-0、NT-100%间相似性程度低于NT-0与NT-100%样地之间的相似性。总之,免耕秸秆覆盖会对农田大型土壤动物群落各功能类群产生影响,但不同类群对免耕秸秆覆盖的响应不一致。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of no-tillage corn straw mulching on the functional groups of large soil animals, in April, July and October 2015, Large-scale soil animal communities were investigated in the conservation tillage test base of Lishu County, Siping City, by the Institute of Applied Ecology of Jilin Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and no-tillage field with or without corn straw mulching. The results showed that the density of saprophytic individuals was the highest, and the number of predatory groups was the most. Compared with conventional tillage plots, no-tillage with or without straw mulching increased individual density of saprophytic and predatory groups, but had no significant effect on phytophagous and omnivorous groups. There are obvious epiphytic and predatory macrofauna in all kinds of soil, but there is no consistency between phytophagy and omnivorous. In seasonal variation, the density of saprophytic and omnivorous groups was obvious. The highest density of saprophytic and omnivorous groups occurred in October, and the highest density of omnivorous groups appeared in July. The composition of predatory, phytophagous and omnivorous groups in different plots was very similar, but the similarity of predatory, phytophagous and omnivorous groups between conventional cultivated plots and NT-0,NT-100% was lower than that between NT-0 and NT-100% plots. In a word, no-tillage straw mulching would affect the functional groups of large soil fauna in farmland, but the responses of different groups to no-tillage straw mulching were not consistent.
【作者单位】：吉林师范大学旅游与地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(编号:41401283) 吉林省科技发展计划(编号:20160520080JH) 吉林省教育厅科学技术研究项目(编号:吉教科合字[2016]第224号) 吉林省四平市科技发展计划(编号:2015064)
【分类号】：S154

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