基于USLE模型的付营子小流域土壤侵蚀评价研究

发布时间：2019-03-22 15:04

【摘要】：付营子小流域位于河北省承德市,地处河北省燕山北麓东段,属低山丘陵区,流域总面积35.89km2。本文借鉴国内外学者多年的土壤侵蚀学术研究成果,以滦平县付营子小流域为研究对象,借助地理信息系统分析软件,分析当地遥感图像、降雨资料、土地资料等,运用通用土壤流失方程UISLE模型,选取适合当地情况的降雨侵蚀力、土壤侵蚀力、坡度坡长、植被覆盖度公式,定量分析每个因子对土壤侵蚀的影响,建立适合当地的USLE土壤侵蚀模型。研究表明,付营子小流域土地利用单元的侵蚀强度存在显著差异,土壤侵蚀模数在24.12t/km2·a-8916.33 t/km2·a之间,平均土壤侵蚀模数为2149.26 t/km2·a,2013年年产沙量为77136.94t,研究区内中度土壤侵蚀面积最多,为15.73 km2,占流域总面积的43.83%,极强度侵蚀面积最少,为0.02km2,占流域总面积的0.01%。流域内不同植被覆盖度与土壤侵蚀强度强弱有较为密切的联系,除裸地外,随植被覆盖度增加土壤侵蚀强度降低；研究区随着坡度变陡,高程变大,流域内土壤侵蚀强度也随之增加。研究区内高程1200m以上,植被覆盖度在15%～45%,坡度在35°的区域以上存在极强烈侵蚀,植被覆盖度在15%～60%,坡度在150～35。的区域存在强烈侵蚀,应进行重点监测,遏制水土流失。研究区本着生态保护、综合治理原则,依照当地的土地利用和自然经济状况,将小流域分为生态自然修复区、综合治理区、沟河道及周边治理区三类,并针对各区不同的情况模拟制定了相应的水土保持治理措施,为同类地区的生态建设提供理论基础,并为当地政府开展水土保持规划工作提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Fuyingzi small watershed is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, in the eastern part of the northern foot of Yanshan Mountain, Hebei Province, belongs to the low hilly region, with a total watershed area of 35.89 km2. Taking Fuyingzi small watershed of Luanping County as the research object, this paper analyzes the remote sensing image, rainfall data, land data and so on with the help of geographic information system analysis software, referring to the academic research results of soil erosion both at home and abroad for many years. The UISLE model of general soil loss equation was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of each factor on soil erosion by selecting the formulas of rainfall erosion, soil erosion, slope length and vegetation coverage, which are suitable for local conditions. A USLE soil erosion model suitable for local soil erosion was established. The results showed that the erosion intensity of land use units in Fuyingzi watershed was significantly different. The soil erosion modulus ranged from 24.12t/ km2 路a to 8916.33 t / km2 路a, and the average soil erosion modulus was 2149.26 t / km2 路a. The annual sediment yield was 77136.94 t in 2013. The area of moderate soil erosion in the study area was the largest, accounting for 43.83% of the total area of the basin, and the area of extreme intensity erosion was the least (0.02km2), accounting for 0.01% of the total area of the basin. There is a close relationship between different vegetation coverage and soil erosion intensity in the watershed, except bare land, soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of vegetation coverage. With the steeper slope and higher elevation of the study area, the intensity of soil erosion in the basin also increased. In the study area, the elevation is above 1200 m, the vegetation coverage is 15% ~ 45%, the slope is above 35 掳, the vegetation coverage is 15% ~ 60%, the slope is 150 ~ 35%. Strong erosion exists in the area and should be monitored in order to control soil and water loss. In accordance with the principles of ecological protection and comprehensive management, and according to the local land use and natural economic conditions, the small watershed is divided into three types: ecological natural restoration area, integrated management area, gully channel and surrounding control area. The corresponding soil and water conservation measures were established according to different conditions in different regions, which provided theoretical basis for ecological construction in similar areas and provided scientific basis for local government to carry out soil and water conservation planning work.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157

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