补充灌溉对土壤水分和胡麻籽粒产量的影响

发布时间：2019-03-22 18:59

【摘要】：为探讨不同灌水条件下胡麻田土壤水分动态特征和增产效果,以"陇亚杂1号"为材料,研究了不同灌溉处理对胡麻田土壤水分、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验设置5个处理:不灌水(T_0)、分茎水80mm(T_1)、分茎水60mm+盛花水40mm(T_2)、分茎水80mm+盛花水40mm(T_3)、分茎水60mm+现蕾水40mm+盛花水40mm(T_4)。结果表明:分茎期灌水而现蕾期不灌水有利于增加现蕾期80—140cm土层含水量。在盛花期,T_2处理120—140cm土层含水量分别比T_3,T_4处理增加了11.40%和11.08%,这表明T_2处理对此时期深层土壤水分的提高有明显的促进作用。胡麻成熟期表层土壤的含水量与盛花期相比有所下降,而100—200cm土层的水分随灌水量的增加而明显增加,导致土壤中的无效水增多。随着灌水量增加,农田耗水量增加,而土壤贮水消耗量、降雨量和土壤贮水消耗量占农田总耗水量的比例均降低。可见,减少灌溉量可以提高胡麻对土壤贮水的吸收利用,降低了农田总耗水量,从而更有效地增加灌溉水分利用效率。与T_0处理相比,T_2处理的籽粒产量和产量水分利用效率分别显著增加36.50%和12.27%。因此,在本试验条件下,T_2处理具有明显的增产节水效益。
[Abstract]:The effects of different irrigation treatments on soil moisture, grain yield and water use efficiency (Wue) in flax field were studied in order to study the dynamic characteristics of soil water and the effect of increasing yield of flax field under different irrigation conditions. "Longyaza 1" was used to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil water content, grain yield and water use efficiency. Five treatments were set up in the experiment: no irrigation, 80mm in stem water, 40mm in flower water in stem water, 40mm in full flower water in stem water, 40mm in 60mm bud water in stem water, 40mm in flower water in 60mm bud water in stem water, 40mm in flower water in stem water, 40mm in full flower water in stem water, 40mm in bud water in stem water and 40mm in flower water in stem water. The results showed that irrigation at stem stage and no irrigation at bud stage were beneficial to increase the water content of 80-140cm soil layer at bud stage. At the full flowering stage, the soil water content of 120-140cm treated by T ~ (2 +) was increased by 11.40% and 11.08%, respectively, compared with that of T ~ (3) 3, which indicated that the treatment of T ~ (?) _ (2) could obviously promote the increase of soil water content in the deep layer of the soil at this stage. The surface soil water content in the mature stage of flax was lower than that in the full flowering stage, but the water content in 100-200cm soil layer increased obviously with the increase of irrigation water content, which resulted in the increase of ineffective water in the soil. With the increase of irrigation amount, the farmland water consumption increased, while the soil water storage consumption, rainfall and soil water storage consumption ratio to the total farmland water consumption decreased. It can be seen that reducing irrigation amount can improve the absorption and utilization of soil water storage, reduce the total water consumption of farmland, and thus increase the water use efficiency of irrigation more effectively. The grain yield and yield water use efficiency (Wue) were significantly increased by 36.50% and 12.27%, respectively, compared with T0 treatment. Therefore, under the condition of this experiment, the treatment of T ~ (2 +) has obvious benefit of increasing production and saving water.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学农学院;甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室;
【基金】：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-17-GW-9)
【分类号】：S152.7;S565.9

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