不同类型作物生长对土壤有效氮构成和氮肥转化利用的影响

发布时间：2019-03-25 07:29

【摘要】：采用高、低氮处理研究盆栽种植大豆、棉花、玉米和高粱对土壤有效氮构成和氮肥转化利用的影响,以期为不同类型作物的氮肥合理利用及其利用率的提高提供技术指导。结果表明,与施氮肥不种植作物(对照)相比,种大豆、棉花、玉米、高粱使土壤有效氮含量分别显著降低53.48%、51.54%、33.10%、55.03%,并影响有效氮构成。其中,种大豆、棉花、玉米、高粱使土壤无机氮含量分别显著降低85.41%、83.09%、70.89%、83.35%,水解有机氮含量分别显著增加1.41、1.53、2.11、1.28倍;种大豆、棉花、玉米、高粱使无机氮所占比例分别显著降低68.61%、65.09%、56.47%、63.00%,水解有机氮所占比例分别显著增加4.18、4.21、3.66、4.08倍。与对照相比,种大豆、棉花、玉米、高粱使铵态氮肥转化率分别显著提高93.66%、38.19%、32.58%、38.31%,以种大豆增幅最高;种大豆、棉花、玉米、高粱处理的铵态氮肥硝化率都变为负值,以种大豆降幅最大。种大豆、棉花、玉米、高粱处理的氮肥利用率分别为52.01%、28.31%、24.16%、28.40%,以种大豆处理的氮肥利用率最高。综上,作物生长通过对氮素的吸收利用和对土壤环境的改变,抑制土壤硝化作用,并促进土壤水解有机氮的形成,从而影响土壤有效氮的构成和施入土壤氮的转化利用。豆类作物较非豆类作物抑制土壤硝化作用的能力强,对土壤铵态氮的利用效率高。
[Abstract]:High and low nitrogen treatments were used to study the effects of pot planting soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum on soil available nitrogen composition and nitrogen fertilizer conversion and utilization, in order to provide technical guidance for rational utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and its utilization efficiency in different types of crops. The results showed that soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum decreased soil available nitrogen content by 53.48%, 51.54%, 33.10%, 55.03%, respectively, and affected the composition of available nitrogen. Among them, soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum decreased soil inorganic nitrogen content by 85.41%, 83.09%, 70.89%, 83.35%, respectively. The content of hydrolyzed organic nitrogen increased 1.41%, 1.53%, 2.11 and 1.28 times, respectively. Soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum decreased the proportion of inorganic nitrogen by 68.61%, 65.09%, 56.47%, 63.00%, respectively. The proportion of hydrolyzed organic nitrogen increased by 4.18, 4.21, 3.66 and 4.08 times, respectively. Compared with the control, soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum increased the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen by 93.66%, 38.19%, 32.58%, 38.31%, respectively. The nitrification rate of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum treatments became negative, and soybean decreased the most. The nitrogen use efficiency of soybean, cotton, corn and sorghum was 52.01%, 28.31%, 24.16%, 28.40%, respectively. Soybean treatment had the highest nitrogen use efficiency. In conclusion, crop growth inhibits soil nitrification and promotes the formation of hydrolyzed organic nitrogen through nitrogen uptake and utilization and changes in soil environment, thus affecting the composition of soil available nitrogen and the transformation and utilization of soil nitrogen. Compared with non-legume crops, legume crops have stronger ability to inhibit soil nitrification and higher utilization efficiency of ammonium nitrogen in soil.
【作者单位】：湖北大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41371259) 湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2014CFB545)
【分类号】：S158.3

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