四种大型湿地植物对水产养殖废水中矿质元素和重金属富集特征的影响

发布时间：2019-03-25 11:23

【摘要】：[目的]从湿地中采收不同的水生植物,并进行植物元素测定,分析其富集矿质营养和重金属的动态过程,探索和鉴定利用水生植物混生种植进行生物修复的可行性。[方法]以淡水养殖试验基地为试验地点,在不同季节采集该基地潜流湿地大型湿地植物美人蕉(Canna indica)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和再力花(Thalia dealbata)的地上部,分析其生长、矿质营养、重金属元素积累。[结果]寒冬过去后,芦苇的生长恢复最快,其生物量明显高于其他3种植物,而美人蕉恢复最慢。随着夏季和秋季的来临,4种植物均明显生长,尤其是美人蕉,其次是再力花。4种植物对氮素的富集能力都很强,此外,美人蕉对磷、钾、镁、锌、铜、钠等的富集能力特别强,而鸢尾对磷、钙、镁等富集能力比较强,芦苇对硫、铁、铝、铬、镉、铅等富集能力很强,再力花对硫、锰的富集能力较强。[结论]美人蕉对水产养殖废水中诸多元素的总积累要明显强于鸢尾、芦苇和再力花,其次是芦苇。在淡水养殖基地,混生的美人蕉、鸢尾、芦苇和再力花对不同元素富集具有明显的互补性,混合种植从而进行污水修复是可行的。
[Abstract]:[objective] to collect different aquatic plants from wetland and determine the plant elements, analyze the dynamic process of mineral nutrition and heavy metals enrichment, and explore and identify the feasibility of bio-remediation by mixed planting of aquatic plants. [methods] using the fresh water culture experiment base as the experimental site, the aboveground parts of the large-scale wetland plant, Canna (Canna indica), Iris, (Iris tectorum), Reed, and (Thalia dealbata), in the subsurface flow wetland of the base, were collected in different seasons. The growth, mineral nutrition and accumulation of heavy metal elements were analyzed. [results] after the cold winter, the growth of Phragmites australis recovered the fastest, its biomass was significantly higher than the other three plants, while Canna mandarina recovered the slowest. With the coming of summer and autumn, the four plants all grew obviously, especially the plantain, followed by the regenerated flowers. The four plants have strong nitrogen enrichment ability. In addition, the four plants have the ability to P, K, mg, Zn, Cu, P, K, mg, Zn, Cu. The enrichment ability of Na, Fe, Al, Cr, CD, Pb is very strong, while the enrichment ability of Iris is stronger for phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, and for sulfur, iron, aluminum, chromium, cadmium, lead, etc., and the enrichment ability of reheating flower for sulfur and manganese is very strong. [conclusion] the total accumulation of elements in aquaculture wastewater of Canna plantain was stronger than that of Iris, Phragmites communis and Rehmannia, followed by Phragmites communis. In the freshwater breeding base, mixed plantain, iris, Reed and replant have obvious complementarities to the enrichment of different elements. It is feasible to plant mixed plants for sewage remediation.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省海洋生物学重点实验室;农业部渔业装备与工程重点开放实验室;江苏省互联网农业发展中心;江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303089) 国家自然科学基金项目(31372570) 上海市科技兴农重点公关项目(沪农科攻字(2014)第6-3号) 南京农业大学SRT计划项目(1513A12)
【分类号】：X173;X714

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