1993-2013年吉林省主粮作物种植布局及其水热资源利用效率评估

发布时间：2019-04-02 00:18

【摘要】：探究气候变化背景下作物水热资源利用效率变化情况是挖掘粮食高产潜力、实现农业可持续发展的基础,对于优化粮食作物布局以及应对未来气候变化趋势具有重要意义。本文基于1993-2013年吉林省24个气象站点的逐日气象数据和农业统计数据,按照作物积温需求划分出水稻、玉米和大豆的气候种植界限,对因气候变暖而增加的种植区域(敏感区)内水、热资源有效利用情况进行评估。结果表明:①1993-2013年吉林省积温带明显东扩,水稻和玉米的气候种植界限东扩到敦化-靖宇-临江一线,大豆的气候种植界限东扩到吉林省最东部的长白县;②三种作物敏感区内热量资源利用效率低于非敏感区,但水资源利用效率均高于非敏感区。1993-2013年作物敏感区内水热资源利用效率均呈现出增长趋势,年均增长率显著高于非敏感区;③水稻和玉米敏感区内水热资源产出效率均高于非敏感区,但大豆敏感区内产出效率低于非敏感区。结论:气候变暖对研究区内水热资源效率的提高表现出明显的正效应。从水、热资源优化利用的角度,研究区可适当向东扩展玉米和水稻的种植面积,但要加强农田灌溉系统和灌溉技术,降低水稻的水资源约束情况。同时避免研究区最东部安图、长白等地粮豆的盲目扩种,减少热量资源的约束风险。
[Abstract]:Exploring the change of crop water and heat resource utilization efficiency under the background of climate change is the basis for excavating the high yield potential of grain and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture. It is of great significance for optimizing the distribution of grain crops and coping with the trend of climate change in the future. Based on the daily meteorological data and agricultural statistics of 24 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1993 to 2013, the climatic planting limits of rice, corn and soybean are divided according to the accumulated temperature demand of crops. The effective utilization of water and heat resources in the growing area (sensitive area) due to climate warming was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) the accumulated temperate zone of Jilin Province expanded eastward from 1993 to 2013, the climatic planting boundary of rice and maize expanded eastward to Dunhua-Jingyu-Linjiang line, and the climatic planting limit of soybean expanded eastward to Changbai County in the easternmost part of Jilin Province; (2) the utilization efficiency of heat resources in the sensitive areas of three crops was lower than that in the non-sensitive areas, but the utilization efficiency of water resources was higher than that in the non-sensitive areas. The utilization efficiency of water and heat resources in the sensitive areas of crops showed an increasing trend from 1993 to 2013. The average annual growth rate was significantly higher than that in the non-sensitive region. 3The output efficiency of water and heat resources in sensitive region of rice and maize was higher than that of non-sensitive area, but the output efficiency of soybean sensitive area was lower than that of non-sensitive area. Conclusion: climate warming has a significant positive effect on the improvement of water and heat resource efficiency in the study area. From the point of view of optimal utilization of water and heat resources, the area of maize and rice planting can be extended to the east properly in the study area, but the irrigation system and irrigation technology should be strengthened to reduce the constraint of rice water resources. At the same time, the blind seed expansion of grain beans in Antu, Changbai and other places in the eastern part of the study area was avoided, and the restriction risk of caloric resources was reduced.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学土地资源管理系;北京市规划委员会怀柔分局;
【基金】：2016年度全国农用地质量等级更新调查与监测项目(2016-02-02) 国家自然科学基金项目(41271110,41372132) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD06B01)
【分类号】：S162

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