不同施肥处理下小麦季潮土氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-04-11 06:42

【摘要】：氨挥发是肥料氮素损失的重要途径之一,由于土壤类型、气候条件、肥料种类、用量和施用时间等因素不同而存在很大差异。试验采用间歇式密闭室通气法,对华北平原不同施肥处理(新鲜牛粪与尿素配施、堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施)下,冬小麦生长季粘质潮土氨挥发及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:冬小麦季土壤氨挥发总量占肥料氮用量的1.23%~1.97%,主要来源于追肥,占整个小麦生长季氨挥发总量的80%左右。不同施肥处理强烈影响氨挥发强度,新鲜牛粪与尿素配施处理氨挥发损失量最高,氮素损失率为1.97%,显著高于堆腐牛粪与尿素配施和NPK单施。基肥期氨挥发速率与气温密切相关,追肥期土壤含水量和NH~+_4-N浓度是影响氨挥发的主控因子。
[Abstract]:Ammonia volatilization is one of the important ways of nitrogen loss of fertilizer. There are great differences due to different soil types, climatic conditions, types of fertilizers, amount of fertilizer and time of application. In this experiment, the ammonia volatilization and its influencing factors in sticky damp soil in winter wheat growing season were studied under different fertilization treatments (fresh cow manure and urea, heap rot cow manure and urea and single application of NPK) in winter wheat growing season with intermittent closed chamber ventilation. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia volatilization in winter wheat season was 1.23% ~ 1.97% of fertilizer nitrogen, which mainly came from topdressing and accounted for about 80% of the total ammonia volatilization in the whole wheat growing season. The ammonia volatilization intensity was strongly affected by different fertilization treatments. The ammonia volatilization loss of fresh cow dung and urea was the highest, and the nitrogen loss rate was 1.97%, which was significantly higher than that of compost cow manure combined with urea and single application of NPK. Ammonia volatilization rate in basal fertilizer stage was closely related to air temperature. Soil water content and NH~ _ 4 N concentration in topdressing stage were the main controlling factors affecting ammonia volatilization.
【作者单位】：土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所);中国科学院大学;恒天然(北京)牧场管理咨询有限公司;Land
【基金】：新西兰恒天然-中国科学院国际合作项目International Collaborative Research on Dairy Farm Waste application to land supported by Fonterra(Beijing)Farm Management Consulting Co.Ltd
【分类号】：S153

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