大庆市大同区土壤养分空间异质性分析

发布时间：2019-04-11 13:46

【摘要】：土壤作为一种独立的自然体,并非是个均质体,而是具有空间异质性的变异体。本研究以大庆市大同区四乡镇为研究对象,通过对研究区域内的pH值、有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷、有效氮六种土壤养分进行数据处理后,得到70个土壤有效样本,运用统计学软件SPSS 22.0对其进行描述性统计分析及相关性分析,结合地统计学软件GS+9.0及ArcGIS软件,研究土壤养分的空间变异性并进行空间插值预测方法的比较,选择最佳的预测方法,对其进行空间异质性格局分析,为日后相关研究提供理论依据。研究结果表明:(1)描述性统计分析结果:特异值对样本的数值影响较小;四乡镇的数据中波动范围最大的是速效钾,其离散程度最高,平均数代表性最低,按照范围从大到小依次排列为速效钾有效氮有机质速效磷pH全氮,全氮的数据相对较集中,平均数代表性最高;pH值和有效氮表现为弱变异性,有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾均表现为中等变异;pH值除了与有机质是正相关外,与其他养分均呈负相关;有机质与全氮呈负相关,与其他养分均呈正相关;全氮与有效氮、速效磷呈正相关,与速效钾呈负相关;有效氮与速效磷是负相关,与速效钾呈正相关;速效磷与速效钾呈正相关。r值表明养分之间都存在微相关关系,但有机质与有效氮之间在0.01水平(双侧)上存在着显著相关关系。(2)半方差函数分析结果:pH值、有机质、有效氮及速效钾与高斯模型拟合较好,全氮和速效磷与球状模型拟合较好,养分值在最小间距内的变异分析中引起的误差小;系统变量具有强烈的空间自相关性;空间自相关距离最大的是pH值为3720 m,最小的是速效钾为2090 m。(3)土壤养分空间异质性格局特征:pH值和速效磷的空间分布预测方法选择普通克里格插值,有效氮和速效钾选择反距离加权插值,有机质选择全局多项式插值,全氮则选择局部多项式插值的精确度最佳。采用ArcGIS软件分区统计功能对最佳的插值预测图进行养分的空间异质性分析,得出研究区的土壤属于碱性土,应施用酸性肥中和碱性,有机质空间分布格局呈带状分布,大致呈现西北-东南走向,含量处于中等水平,应多注意施有机肥;全氮分布较均匀,考虑增施氮肥;有效氮空间分布格局呈斑块状,含量适中,其利用率很好;速效磷空间分布格局呈带状分布,大致呈现南北走向,含量适中;速效钾空间分布格局呈斑块状,含量适中。
[Abstract]:As an independent natural body, soil is not a homogeneous body, but a variant with spatial heterogeneity. In this study, four villages and towns in Datong district of Daqing city were taken as the research object. Through the data processing of six kinds of soil nutrients, such as pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and available nitrogen, 70 soil available samples were obtained. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis were carried out by using statistical software SPSS 22.0, combined with geostatistics software GS 9.0and ArcGIS software, the spatial variability of soil nutrients was studied and the spatial interpolation prediction methods were compared. The best prediction method is selected to analyze the spatial heterogeneity pattern, which provides the theoretical basis for the related research in the future. The results show that: (1) descriptive statistical analysis results: the special value has little effect on the numerical value of the sample; In the data of the four townships, the most fluctuating range is the available potassium, the highest degree of dispersion and the lowest representativeness of the average. According to the range from large to small, the available potassium available nitrogen organic matter available phosphorus pH total nitrogen, the total nitrogen data are relatively centralized. The average is the most representative; Ph value and available nitrogen showed weak variability, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium showed moderate variation, pH value was negatively correlated with other nutrients except that it was positively correlated with organic matter. Organic matter was negatively correlated with total nitrogen and positively correlated with other nutrients, total nitrogen was positively correlated with available nitrogen and available phosphorus, and negatively with available potassium, available nitrogen was negatively correlated with available phosphorus, and positively correlated with available potassium. There was a positive correlation between available phosphorus and available potassium. R value indicated that there was a slight correlation between nutrients, but there was a significant correlation between organic matter and available nitrogen at 0.01 level (bilateral). (2) the results of semi-variance function analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between organic matter and available nitrogen. (2) the result of semi-variance function analysis: ph. Organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium fitted well with Gao Si's model, total nitrogen and available phosphorus fitted well with spherical model, and the error caused by variation analysis of nutrient value in the minimum spacing was small. The system variables have strong spatial autocorrelation. The largest spatial autocorrelation distance was pH 3720 m, and the smallest was available potassium 2090 m. (3) the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients: the spatial distribution of pH value and available phosphorus was predicted by ordinary Kriging interpolation. Effective nitrogen and available potassium choose inverse distance weighted interpolation, organic matter selects global polynomial interpolation, and total nitrogen selects local polynomial interpolation with the best accuracy. The spatial heterogeneity of nutrients in the best interpolation prediction map was analyzed by using the statistical function of ArcGIS software. The results showed that the soil in the study area belonged to alkaline soil and should be neutralized by acid fertilizer and alkaline, and the spatial distribution pattern of organic matter was zonal distribution. Generally present northwest-southeast trend, the content is in the middle level, should pay more attention to the application of organic fertilizer; The spatial distribution pattern of available nitrogen was patchy, the content of available nitrogen was moderate, its utilization efficiency was good, the spatial distribution pattern of available phosphorus was zonal distribution, showing about the north-south trend, and the content was moderate. The spatial distribution pattern of available potassium was patchy and the content was moderate.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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