生物炭缓解稻麦轮作区小麦渍害胁迫的作用
发布时间：2019-04-12 07:17
【摘要】：稻麦轮作是长江中下游地区最主要的粮食生产方式,然而在该地区季风气候的背景下,小麦生长季易发生渍害胁迫,导致小麦减产甚至绝收。施用生物炭是一种有效的土壤改良方式,目前,已在长江中下游稻麦轮作区开展应用研究,但定量评估施用生物炭对长江中下游地区小麦渍害的影响研究尚未见报道。开展土柱和小区试验,研究水稻秸秆生物炭对稻麦轮作土壤和小麦生长前期的影响。结果表明,施用生物炭能显著降低稻麦轮作土壤的容重。不同深度的土壤水分动态变化也表明,施用生物炭有利于土壤水分向下迁移,可改善稻麦轮作土壤排水不畅的特点。同时,与未施用生物炭的处理相比,施用10 t hm-2生物炭能加快小麦出苗,促进小麦生长。播种后90 d的采样结果显示,施用生物炭处理下小麦株高、主根长和最后一片完全叶的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均显著高于对照(p0.05)。根系特征显示,施用生物炭处理下的小麦主根长虽然显著高于对照,但2个处理间的总根长和总根面积却无显著差异。综上,施用生物炭能显著改善稻麦轮作土壤的排水条件,促进小麦前期生长,将有助于小麦在关键生育期抵御渍害胁迫。
[Abstract]:Rice-wheat rotation is the most important grain production mode in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, under the background of monsoon climate in this area, waterlogging stress is easy to occur in wheat growing season, which leads to the reduction of wheat yield and even the end of wheat harvest. Biochar application is an effective soil improvement method and has been applied to rice-wheat rotation areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the quantitative evaluation of the effects of biochar application on wheat waterlogging in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has not been reported. Soil column and plot experiments were carried out to study the effects of rice straw biochar on rice-wheat rotation soil and wheat growth period. The results showed that the application of biochar could significantly reduce the bulk density of rice-wheat rotation soil. The dynamic changes of soil moisture in different depths also showed that biochar application was beneficial to the downward migration of soil water and could improve the characteristics of poor drainage of rice-wheat rotation soil. At the same time, the application of 10 t hm-2 bio-charcoal could accelerate the emergence of wheat and promote the growth of wheat compared with the non-biochar treatment. The results of sampling 90 days after sowing showed that the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of wheat plant height, main root length and last complete leaf under biochar treatment were significantly higher than that of the control (p0.05). The root characteristics showed that the main root length of wheat treated with biochar was significantly higher than that of the control, but there was no significant difference in total root length and total root area between the two treatments. In conclusion, the application of biochar can significantly improve the drainage conditions of rice-wheat rotation soil and promote the early growth of wheat, which will help wheat resist waterlogging stress in the key growth period.
【作者单位】： 农业信息研究所/农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室江苏省农业科学院;土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所);
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203032) 江苏省农业科学院院基金(6111647) 江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(16)1042)资助~~
【分类号】：S422;S512.1
本文编号：2456820
[Abstract]:Rice-wheat rotation is the most important grain production mode in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, under the background of monsoon climate in this area, waterlogging stress is easy to occur in wheat growing season, which leads to the reduction of wheat yield and even the end of wheat harvest. Biochar application is an effective soil improvement method and has been applied to rice-wheat rotation areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. However, the quantitative evaluation of the effects of biochar application on wheat waterlogging in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has not been reported. Soil column and plot experiments were carried out to study the effects of rice straw biochar on rice-wheat rotation soil and wheat growth period. The results showed that the application of biochar could significantly reduce the bulk density of rice-wheat rotation soil. The dynamic changes of soil moisture in different depths also showed that biochar application was beneficial to the downward migration of soil water and could improve the characteristics of poor drainage of rice-wheat rotation soil. At the same time, the application of 10 t hm-2 bio-charcoal could accelerate the emergence of wheat and promote the growth of wheat compared with the non-biochar treatment. The results of sampling 90 days after sowing showed that the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of wheat plant height, main root length and last complete leaf under biochar treatment were significantly higher than that of the control (p0.05). The root characteristics showed that the main root length of wheat treated with biochar was significantly higher than that of the control, but there was no significant difference in total root length and total root area between the two treatments. In conclusion, the application of biochar can significantly improve the drainage conditions of rice-wheat rotation soil and promote the early growth of wheat, which will help wheat resist waterlogging stress in the key growth period.
【作者单位】： 农业信息研究所/农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室江苏省农业科学院;土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所);
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203032) 江苏省农业科学院院基金(6111647) 江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(16)1042)资助~~
【分类号】：S422;S512.1
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