盐碱地微环境改良剂的研究

发布时间：2019-04-20 11:03

【摘要】：本试验研发了一种新的肥料叫做盐碱地专用肥(SSRF),可以有效的修复盐碱地土壤(SS)微环境。该肥料是由盐碱地微环境改良剂(SSRA)和传统肥料(TF)制备而成;其中的盐碱地微环境改良剂是由凹凸棒土(ATP)、有机高分子(SP)、磷石膏(PG)和风化煤(WC)制备而成的纳米复合物。该肥料可以在土壤中自组装形成持水保肥的3D微纳网络结构;并且通过离子交换、钝化和酸碱调节等作用来改善作物根系附近微环境的盐碱土,降盐压碱,促进作物生长,提高作物耐盐碱性。1.本研究通过批量试验得知盐碱地微环境改良剂的最佳组成比例:凹凸棒土、有机高分子、磷石膏和风化煤的质量比为60:30:1:12。2.分别用扫描电镜、红外和X衍射分析了盐碱地专用肥的微观结构和基本化学组成。发现盐碱地专用肥可自组装形成3D微纳网络结构,并且通过离子交换、钝化和酸碱调节起作用。盐碱地微环境改良剂和盐碱地专用肥的合成都是物理复合的过程。3.降盐降碱试验效果通过隔盐(SI)和离子交换(IE)两种试验系统来确定。使用了盐碱地微环境改良剂之后,隔盐系统的降盐率可达到30.54%,离子交换系统的降盐率可达到61.91%,土壤pH值基本都可以从强碱性降低到中性水平。4.进行了淋溶试验和表聚试验,盐碱地微环境改良剂可以有效的控制肥料流失和表聚,从而降低因雨水、径流和蒸发等造成的肥料浪费。尿素与盐碱地微环境改良剂的质量比为9:1时得到盐碱地专用肥—尿素(SSRU),在石英砂中:控失率为49.90%,控制表聚率为44.3%,在盐碱土中:控失率为43.78%,控制表聚率为22.49%;氯化铵与盐碱地微环境改良剂的质量比为9:1.2时得到盐碱地专用肥—氯化铵(SSRN),在石英砂中:控失率为47.23%,控制表聚率为61.71%,在盐碱土中:控失率为49.02%,控制表聚率为7.02%。5.盆钵试验中20g土壤中加入0.6g盐碱地微环境改良剂是最佳的添加量,玉米长势更佳;与传统肥料相比,盐碱地微环境改良剂可以有效的修复盐碱地土壤从而促进玉米在苗期株高和根系的生长。6.田间试验,施用盐碱地专用肥的盐碱土生长的玉米比施用普通肥料的,幼苗期的玉米植株叶色普遍更绿,长势更加旺盛,成熟期的玉米,产量更高,玉米更加饱满。银川市等肥量试验中,玉米的发芽率、棒长、棒粗、株高、径粗和产量分别增长19.3%、12.4%、14.2%、12.9%、23.6%和27.0%;减肥量10%的试验中,玉米的发芽率、棒长、棒粗、株高、径粗和产量分别增长18.1%、11.8%、8.8%、16.5%、14.1%和21.8%;石嘴山市等肥量试验中,玉米的发芽率、棒长、棒粗、株高、径粗和产量分别增长23.9%、17.3%、15.2%、12.1%、16.4%和24.0%。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, a new fertilizer called (SSRF), is developed, which can effectively repair the soil (SS) microenvironment in saline-alkali land. The fertilizer was prepared from saline-alkali soil microenvironment improver (SSRA) and traditional fertilizer (TF). The modification agent of saline-alkali soil microenvironment is a nano-composite prepared from attapulgite (ATP), organic polymer (SP), phosphogypsum (PG) and weathered coal (WC). This fertilizer can self-assemble in soil to form a 3-D micro / nano network structure of holding water and preserving fertilizer. And through the action of ion exchange, passivation and acid-alkali regulation to improve the salt-alkali soil of the micro-environment near the root system of crops, reduce salt pressure and alkali, promote the growth of crops, and improve the salt-alkali tolerance of crops. 1. In this study, the optimum composition ratio of microenvironment improver in saline-alkali soil was found to be attapulgite, organic polymer, phosphogypsum and weathered coal. The mass ratio was 60? 30? 1? The microstructure and basic chemical composition of special fertilizer for saline-alkali land were analyzed by SEM, IR and X-ray diffraction. It is found that the special fertilizer in saline-alkali land can self-assemble to form a 3D micro-nano-network structure, and function through ion exchange, passivation and acid-alkali regulation. The synthesis of microenvironmental improver and special fertilizer for saline-alkali land is a process of physical recombination. 3. The effect of salt reduction and alkali reduction was determined by two test systems: salt-separating (SI) and ion-exchange (IE). The salt reduction rate of salt isolation system and ion exchange system can reach 30.54% and 61.91%, respectively, and the soil pH value can be reduced from strong alkaline to neutral level by using microenvironment improver in saline-alkali soil. The salt reduction rate of salt isolation system can reach 30.54%, that of ion exchange system can reach 61.91%, and soil pH can be reduced from strong alkaline to neutral level. The leaching test and surface aggregation test showed that the microenvironment improver could effectively control the loss and aggregation of fertilizer, thus reducing the waste of fertilizer caused by Rain Water, runoff and evaporation. When the mass ratio of urea to microenvironment improver in saline-alkali soil is 9: 1, the control rate of urea (SSRU), in quartz sand is 49.90%, the rate of control surface aggregation is 44.3%, and in saline-alkali soil, the control rate is 43.78%, and that of urea in saline-alkali soil is 43.78%, and that of urea in saline-alkali soil is 43.78%. The rate of surface aggregation is 22.49%; The mass ratio of ammonium chloride to micro-environment improver in saline-alkali land was 9: 1.2. The control rate of ammonium chloride (SSRN), in quartz sand was 47.23%, and the rate of controlling surface aggregation was 61.71%, and that of ammonium chloride in saline-alkali land was 47.23% and 61.71%, respectively. In saline-alkali soil, the rate of control is 49.02%, and the rate of surface aggregation is 7.02%. The addition of 0.6g saline-alkali soil microenvironment improver in 20 g soil was the best addition, and maize growth was better. Compared with the traditional fertilizer, the microenvironment improver in saline-alkali soil can effectively repair the saline-alkali soil and promote the growth of maize plant height and root system at seedling stage. 6. In the field experiment, maize growing in saline-alkali soil with special fertilizer in saline-alkali field is generally greener in leaf color and more vigorous in growth than that in common fertilizer. The yield of maize in mature stage is higher and the corn is fuller than that of common fertilizer. The germination percentage, rod length, rod diameter, plant height, diameter and yield increased 19.3%, 12.4%, 14.2%, 12.9%, 23.6% and 27.0%, respectively, in the experiment of equal fertilizer content in Yinchuan City, the growth rate of maize was 19.3%, 12.4%, 14.2%, 12.9%, 23.6% and 27.0%. The germination percentage, rod length, rod diameter, plant height, diameter and yield of maize increased by 18.1%, 11.8%, 8.8%, 16.5%, 14.1% and 21.8%, respectively, when the weight loss was 10%, and the yield of maize was increased by 18.1%, 11.8%, 8.8%, 16.5%, 14.1% and 21.8% respectively. The germination percentage, rod length, rod diameter, plant height, diameter and yield of maize increased by 23.9%, 17.3%, 15.2%, 12.1%, 16.4% and 24.0%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.4

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