有机肥在油-稻轮作田块对油菜生长和土壤肥力的影响

发布时间：2019-04-21 18:59

【摘要】：研究旨在探明油菜-水稻轮作制田块油菜季单施有机肥,油菜获得最高经济产量时田块有机肥的最佳施用量,为田块两熟制土壤培肥过程中采用有机肥在油菜季一次施用多年利用技术提供理论依据。试验在金华市蒋堂农业科学试验站进行,试验设:油菜、水稻不施肥对照处理(CK);油菜、水稻常规施化肥对照处理(CF);油菜施有机肥15 t/hm~2(T1)、30 t/hm~2(T2)、45 t/hm~2(T3)、60 t/hm~2(T4)、75 t/hm~2(T5),水稻均不施肥。共7个处理。结果表明,单施有机肥油菜经济产量最高,为2 300 kg/hm~2,比CK增产185%,比CF增产11.4%,油菜氮、磷、钾养分总吸收量最高,分别为87.2、34.7、146 kg/hm~2,分别比CK增加224%、427%、477%,分别比CF增加10.7%、230%、175%,以经济产量为依据,试验条件下油菜季单施有机肥的最佳施用量为60 t/hm~2;有机肥施用一年后,土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量均不同程度增加,且有机肥用量达到60 t/hm~2后各肥力值与CK比较均达显著差异。
[Abstract]:The aim of this study was to find out the best application rate of organic fertilizer in rape field when the highest economic yield was obtained by applying organic fertilizer only in the season of rape-rice rotation. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the application of organic fertilizer in vegetable season in the process of soil fertilization with double cropping in the field and the application of organic fertilizer for many years in oilseed season. The experiment was carried out at Jiangtang Agricultural Science Test Station in Jinhua City. The experiment was set up as follows: rape, non-fertilization control treatment (CK); rape, and conventional chemical fertilizer control treatment (CF);. 15 t/hm~2 (T _ 1), 30 t/hm~2 (T _ 2), 45 t/hm~2 (T _ 3), 60 t/hm~2 (T _ 4), 75 t/hm~2 (T _ 5) were applied to rape without fertilization. A total of 7 treatments were performed. The results showed that the economic yield of rape was the highest with 2 300 kg/hm~2, which was 185% higher than that of CK, 11.4% higher than that of CF, and the total absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was the highest (87.2 kg/hm~2, 34.7146 kg/hm~2, respectively). It was 224%, 427%, 477% higher than CK, 10.7%, 230% and 175% higher than CF, respectively. Based on the economic yield, the optimum application rate of organic fertilizer was 60 t / hm ~ (2) in rapeseed season. The optimum application rate of organic fertilizer was 60 t 路hm ~ (2) 路h ~ (- 1) 路h ~ (- 1). One year after application of organic fertilizer, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and cation exchange capacity all increased in varying degrees. After 60 t / hm ~ 2 of organic fertilizer was used, there was significant difference between each fertilizer value and CK.
【作者单位】：浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所;兰溪市游埠镇农业技术推广站;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503122)
【分类号】：S158;S565.4

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