贵州县域尺度高标准基本农田建设时序与模式研究
发布时间：2019-05-06 16:04
【摘要】：随着我国工业化、城镇化进程的不断加快,大量耕地遭到破坏,急需采取相应措施进行保护。而高标准基本农田建设是保护耕地、实现增值增收、保障国家粮食安全的关键。但在传统的建设过程中只重视土地条件,忽略立地条件,导致划定结果不符合实际,出现整治成本高或进行整治后不能达到建设标准等问题。因此,科学划定高标准基本农田建设区域、建设时序和确定建设模式是进行合理建设的重要保障。本文从高标准基本农田建设内涵、标准和功能特性出发,以贵州省高标准基本农田建设示范县(区)之一的三穗县为例,对贵州县域尺度高标准基本农田建设时序与模式进行研究。(1)以基本农田为基础数据,采用地块法,通过处理,确定13027个评价单元。从土地条件(土壤条件、地形条件、基础设施)和立地条件(区位条件、空间形态)两个方面选取15个因子构建评价指标体系,制定评价指标分级标准,采用特尔斐法和均方差决策法确定指标权重,结合空间分析和因素组合法确定高标准基本农田建设时序和模式。(2)结合美国LESA(Land Evaluation and Site Assessment)体系,从基于促进粮食生产能力角度,确定评价体系中LE和SA的权重比例,即3:2,分别对土地条件和立地条件进行评价,再进行综合评价。利用等间距法将综合评价分值结果划分为五个等级,即55分、55-65分、65-75分、75-85分、≥85分。(3)按照“先易后难、分类实施”的原则,运用空间分析和综合排序法,将三穗县高标准基本农田建设时序划分为“近期建设(优先整治区)、中期建设(备选整治区)、远期建设(有条件整治区)”,对应的建设条件划分为“基本具备、稍加改造、全面整治”;建设规模分别为5206.08hm~2、3251.57hm~2、7716.15hm~2。建设规模最大的为远期建设,需要进行全面整治,主要集中在县域北部和南部,近期建设区主要集中在县域中部,中期建设区主要集中在八弓镇、台烈镇和长吉乡。(4)根据基本农田基础设施和施工条件,运用因素组合法,将三穗县高标准基本农田建设模式划分为三种类型:以田间道路和农田防护林为主的建设模式I、以灌排条件为主的建设模式II和以土地平整为主的建设模式III;建设规模分别为2019.37hm~2、7236.52hm~2、6917.91hm~2。模式II的建设面积最大,主要集中在县域北部和中部,模式III主要集中在县域北部和南部,模式I主要集中在县域中部。最后,提出完善贵州县域尺度高标准基本农田建设的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:With the industrialization and urbanization of our country, a large amount of cultivated land has been destroyed, so it is urgent to take corresponding measures to protect it. The construction of high standard basic farmland is the key to protect cultivated land, realize the increment and increase the income, and guarantee the national food security. But in the traditional construction process, only attach importance to the land conditions, ignore the site conditions, resulting in the delineation results are not in line with the reality, such as the high cost of renovation or can not meet the construction standards after the renovation and so on. Therefore, scientific delineation of high-standard basic farmland construction area, construction sequence and determination of construction mode is the important guarantee for rational construction. Based on the connotation, standard and functional characteristics of high standard basic farmland construction, this paper takes Sansui County, one of the demonstration counties (districts) of high standard basic farmland construction in Guizhou Province as an example. The time series and model of high standard basic farmland construction in Guizhou are studied. (1) based on the basic farmland data, 13027 evaluation units are determined by land block method. From two aspects: land condition (soil condition, terrain condition, infrastructure condition) and site condition (location condition, space form), 15 factors are selected to construct the evaluation index system, and the grading standard of evaluation index is established. The index weight is determined by Tefe method and mean square error decision method, and the time series and mode of high standard basic farmland construction are determined by spatial analysis and factor combination method. (2) combined with American LESA (Land Evaluation and Site Assessment) system, From the point of view of promoting grain production capacity, the weight ratio of LE and SA in the evaluation system, that is, 3 鈮，
本文编号：2470300
[Abstract]:With the industrialization and urbanization of our country, a large amount of cultivated land has been destroyed, so it is urgent to take corresponding measures to protect it. The construction of high standard basic farmland is the key to protect cultivated land, realize the increment and increase the income, and guarantee the national food security. But in the traditional construction process, only attach importance to the land conditions, ignore the site conditions, resulting in the delineation results are not in line with the reality, such as the high cost of renovation or can not meet the construction standards after the renovation and so on. Therefore, scientific delineation of high-standard basic farmland construction area, construction sequence and determination of construction mode is the important guarantee for rational construction. Based on the connotation, standard and functional characteristics of high standard basic farmland construction, this paper takes Sansui County, one of the demonstration counties (districts) of high standard basic farmland construction in Guizhou Province as an example. The time series and model of high standard basic farmland construction in Guizhou are studied. (1) based on the basic farmland data, 13027 evaluation units are determined by land block method. From two aspects: land condition (soil condition, terrain condition, infrastructure condition) and site condition (location condition, space form), 15 factors are selected to construct the evaluation index system, and the grading standard of evaluation index is established. The index weight is determined by Tefe method and mean square error decision method, and the time series and mode of high standard basic farmland construction are determined by spatial analysis and factor combination method. (2) combined with American LESA (Land Evaluation and Site Assessment) system, From the point of view of promoting grain production capacity, the weight ratio of LE and SA in the evaluation system, that is, 3 鈮，
本文编号：2470300
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