施氮和再生水灌溉对设施土壤酶活性的影响

发布时间：2019-05-07 00:20

【摘要】：为探讨再生水灌溉和氮肥施用对土壤酶活性的影响,采用田间小区试验,以清水不施氮肥和再生水不施氮肥为对照,研究了4种氮素水平下再生水灌溉对土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、淀粉酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的变化及生育期土壤矿质氮、全氮的盈亏状况。结果表明,再生水灌溉提高了土壤脲酶和淀粉酶活性,降低了土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性;不同施氮水平下,再生水灌溉土壤脲酶活性、高氮处理土壤蔗糖酶活性和淀粉酶活性、低氮处理过氧化氢酶活性和番茄收获后土壤全氮含量均低于清水灌溉处理;相同灌水水质下,再生水灌溉施肥处理对土壤蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性起到促进作用,对脲酶和淀粉酶活性有抑制作用,清水灌溉施肥处理对土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性起到促进作用,对淀粉酶和过氧化氢活性有抑制作用;再生水灌溉土壤矿质氮变化量较清水灌溉显著提高,而再生水灌溉下施肥处理降低了土壤矿质氮变化量。因此,适量减氮并辅以再生水灌溉处理能够提高土壤供氮能力和自净能力,增强土壤解毒能力并提升土壤肥力,减少再生水的排放和氮肥用量;不同施氮水平再生水灌溉对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶和过氧化氢酶活性及土壤矿质氮含量、全氮含量影响存在极显著差异。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of reclaimed water irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil enzyme activity, a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of regenerated water irrigation on soil urease activity under four nitrogen levels. The changes of sucrase activity, amylase activity and catalase activity and the profit and loss of soil mineral nitrogen and total nitrogen during the growth period. The results showed that the activities of urease and amylase were increased and the activities of sucrase and catalase were decreased after irrigation with regenerated water. Under different nitrogen application levels, the urease activity of regenerated water irrigated soil, the invertase activity and amylase activity of high nitrogen treatment, the catalase activity of low nitrogen treatment and the total nitrogen content of tomato after harvest were lower than that of clear water irrigation. Under the same irrigation water quality, regeneration water irrigation and fertilization treatment promoted soil sucrase activity, catalase activity, inhibited urease and amylase activity, and water irrigated fertilization treatment affected soil urease activity, and water irrigation and fertilization treatment promoted soil invertase activity, catalase activity, urease activity and urease activity. The activity of sucrase was promoted and the activity of amylase and hydrogen peroxide was inhibited. The change of soil mineral nitrogen in reclaimed water irrigation was significantly higher than that in clear water irrigation, and the change of soil mineral nitrogen was decreased by applying fertilizer under reclaimed water irrigation. Therefore, appropriate nitrogen reduction and irrigation with regenerated water can improve soil nitrogen supply capacity and self-purification ability, enhance soil detoxification ability and improve soil fertility, reduce the discharge of regenerated water and nitrogen fertilizer use. There were significant differences in the activities of urease, sucrase, amylase and catalase, the content of mineral nitrogen and the content of total nitrogen in soil under irrigation with different N application levels.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所;中国农业科学院研究生院;中国农业科学院农业水资源高效安全利用重点开放实验室;
【基金】：国家高技术研究发展计划“863”项目(2012AA101404) 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51479201,51009141)
【分类号】：S154.2

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