氮肥后移促进受渍夏玉米根系形态恢复和提高花后光合性能
发布时间：2019-05-07 07:40
【摘要】：江淮地区受梅雨影响,玉米苗期易发生渍害,如何通过合理运筹氮肥达到减灾效果值得研究。以夏玉米品种‘隆平206’为试验材料,研究不同氮肥运筹方式[氮肥全部基施(N1)、基肥70%+拔节肥30%(N2)、基肥50%+拔节肥50%(N3)和基肥30%+拔节肥50%+大喇叭口肥20%(N4)]对苗期受渍夏玉米根系形态和花后光合性能恢复的影响,以期为苗期受渍夏玉米合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,苗期渍水7 d抑制根系生长,根重、根长度、根表面积和根直径均显著降低,渍水对根系形态指标抑制效应表现为:根长度根表面积根直径。氮肥后移对渍水后根系生长有显著的补偿效应,氮肥后移量增加,根重、根长度和根表面积显著增加。渍水胁迫解除后18 d,N1-N4处理根长度较渍水前提高1.9~5.1倍,根表面积提高6.3~10.3倍,根直径提高0.7~1.0倍,氮肥后移对根系形态指标补偿生长效应强弱表现为:根表面积根长度根直径。渍水使群体叶面积系数降低9.3%~22.5%,氮肥后移可提高群体叶面积系数,较全部基施处理提高3.2%~20.7%。苗期渍水7 d显著降低灌浆期间穗位叶片的光合能力,净光合速率下降,灌浆中期和末期净光合速率分别下降16.1%和28.9%,灌浆后期光合能力下降幅度高于对照,非气孔限制是导致渍水胁迫下净光合速率下降的主要原因。渍水胁迫下,氮肥后移处理改善了穗位叶光合性能,光合能力优于氮肥前移处理。在苗期易导致渍害的地区适当减少基肥比例,后移氮素至拔节期和大喇叭口期,能够对受渍夏玉米起到较好的补偿生长效应。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of plum rain in Jianghuai region, waterlogging is easy to occur in maize seedling stage. It is worth studying how to use nitrogen fertilizer reasonably to achieve disaster reduction effect. Summer maize variety 'Longping 206' was used as experimental material to study different nitrogen application methods [N 1, 70% jointing fertilizer 30% (N 2), N 1, N 2]. The effects of 50% jointing fertilizer (N3) and 30% jointing fertilizer (N3) on root morphology and photosynthetic performance recovery of waterlogged summer maize at seedling stage were affected by 20% (N4) fertilizer (N4), 50% jointing fertilizer (N3) and 30% jointing fertilizer (N3), respectively. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization of waterlogged summer maize at seedling stage. The results showed that the root growth, root weight, root length, root surface area and root diameter were significantly decreased at 7 days after waterlogging, and the root length root surface area root diameter was inhibited by waterlogging. The post-migration of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant compensation effect on root growth after waterlogging. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer migration increased, the root weight, root length and root surface area increased significantly. The root length, the root surface area and the root diameter of N _ 1 / N _ 4 treatment were increased by 1.9 times, 6.3 and 1.0 times, respectively, 18 days after the water stress was relieved, and the root length, the root surface area and the diameter of roots were increased by 1.9 times, 6.3 and 1.0 times, respectively. The compensatory growth effect of nitrogen fertilizer on root morphology index was as follows: root surface area root length root diameter. Waterlogging reduced the population leaf area coefficient by 9.3% / 22.5%, and nitrogen fertilizer migration increased the population leaf area coefficient by 3.2% / 20.7% compared with all basal treatments. The net photosynthetic rate decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% at the middle and late stage of grain filling, respectively. The photosynthetic capacity decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% at the late filling stage, respectively, and the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% respectively at the late filling stage, which was higher than that at the late filling stage. Non-stomatal restriction was the main reason for the decrease of net photosynthetic rate under waterlogging stress. Under waterlogging stress, the photosynthetic performance of ear-position leaves was improved by N-fertilizer backward migration, and the photosynthetic capacity was better than that of N-fertilizer forward-shifting treatment. In areas where waterlogging is easy to cause in seedling stage, proper reduction of basal fertilizer ratio, later nitrogen transfer to jointing stage and big horn stage can play a better compensatory growth effect on summer maize affected by waterlogging.
【作者单位】： 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所/玉米研究中心;
【基金】：安徽省农业科学院学科建设基金项目(16A0927,15A0926)资助~~
【分类号】：S422;S513
，
本文编号：2470885
[Abstract]:Under the influence of plum rain in Jianghuai region, waterlogging is easy to occur in maize seedling stage. It is worth studying how to use nitrogen fertilizer reasonably to achieve disaster reduction effect. Summer maize variety 'Longping 206' was used as experimental material to study different nitrogen application methods [N 1, 70% jointing fertilizer 30% (N 2), N 1, N 2]. The effects of 50% jointing fertilizer (N3) and 30% jointing fertilizer (N3) on root morphology and photosynthetic performance recovery of waterlogged summer maize at seedling stage were affected by 20% (N4) fertilizer (N4), 50% jointing fertilizer (N3) and 30% jointing fertilizer (N3), respectively. It is expected to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization of waterlogged summer maize at seedling stage. The results showed that the root growth, root weight, root length, root surface area and root diameter were significantly decreased at 7 days after waterlogging, and the root length root surface area root diameter was inhibited by waterlogging. The post-migration of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant compensation effect on root growth after waterlogging. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer migration increased, the root weight, root length and root surface area increased significantly. The root length, the root surface area and the root diameter of N _ 1 / N _ 4 treatment were increased by 1.9 times, 6.3 and 1.0 times, respectively, 18 days after the water stress was relieved, and the root length, the root surface area and the diameter of roots were increased by 1.9 times, 6.3 and 1.0 times, respectively. The compensatory growth effect of nitrogen fertilizer on root morphology index was as follows: root surface area root length root diameter. Waterlogging reduced the population leaf area coefficient by 9.3% / 22.5%, and nitrogen fertilizer migration increased the population leaf area coefficient by 3.2% / 20.7% compared with all basal treatments. The net photosynthetic rate decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% at the middle and late stage of grain filling, respectively. The photosynthetic capacity decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% at the late filling stage, respectively, and the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 16.1% and 28.9% respectively at the late filling stage, which was higher than that at the late filling stage. Non-stomatal restriction was the main reason for the decrease of net photosynthetic rate under waterlogging stress. Under waterlogging stress, the photosynthetic performance of ear-position leaves was improved by N-fertilizer backward migration, and the photosynthetic capacity was better than that of N-fertilizer forward-shifting treatment. In areas where waterlogging is easy to cause in seedling stage, proper reduction of basal fertilizer ratio, later nitrogen transfer to jointing stage and big horn stage can play a better compensatory growth effect on summer maize affected by waterlogging.
【作者单位】： 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所/玉米研究中心;
【基金】：安徽省农业科学院学科建设基金项目(16A0927,15A0926)资助~~
【分类号】：S422;S513
，
本文编号：2470885
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