W-OH固化剂对玉米生长及土壤养分淋失的影响

发布时间：2019-05-08 05:36

【摘要】：采用盆栽试验,研究了不同W-OH喷施浓度(1%,3%,5%)对玉米生长及土壤养分淋失的影响。结果表明:与对照(不喷施W-OH)相比,喷施W-OH对玉米生长有促进作用,且这种作用自玉米生长中期逐渐明显。试验条件下,低、中浓度W-OH(1%和3%)更有利于玉米生长;盆栽3个月后,与对照相比,低、中浓度处理下玉米株高分别增加16%和35%,净光合速率分别增加3%和17%,气孔导度分别增加34%和79%,蒸腾速率分别为对照的2倍和3倍。降雨量对W-OH的保水作用影响不同,小雨和中雨下,3%浓度处理的渗流量最低,保水效果最显著;降雨量达到大雨及以上时,W-OH的保水作用与其喷施浓度成正比。在玉米生长初期W-OH的保肥作用与其喷施浓度成正比,随着后续降雨渗流反复淋溶,其保肥作用趋于稳定;3%和5%浓度的W-OH均能有效减少观测期的土壤养分淋失量,且以硝态氮降幅最大。研究结果为土壤固化剂在坡耕地中的应用提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of W-OH (1%, 3%, 5%) on maize growth and soil nutrient leaching. The results showed that compared with the control (without spraying W-OH), the spraying of W-OH could promote the growth of maize, and this effect was gradually obvious since the middle stage of maize growth. Under the experimental conditions, the medium concentration of W-OH (1% and 3%) was more favorable for maize growth. After 3 months, compared with the control, the plant height, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and stomatal conductance increased by 16% and 35%, 3% and 17%, respectively, and stomatal conductance increased by 34% and 79%, respectively. The transpiration rate was 2 times and 3 times as much as that of the control, respectively. The effect of rainfall on the water retention of W-OH was different. Under light rain and moderate rain, the percolation rate of 3% concentration treatment was the lowest and the water retention effect was the most significant. When the rainfall reached heavy rain or above, the water retention effect of W-OH was proportional to its spraying concentration. In the early stage of maize growth, the fertilizer retention effect of W-OH was proportional to its spraying concentration. With the subsequent rainfall percolation and repeated leaching, the fertilizer retention effect tended to be stable. Both 3% and 5% concentration of W-OH could effectively reduce the amount of soil nutrient leaching during the observation period, and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen was the largest. The results provide theoretical guidance for the application of soil curing agent in sloping farmland.
【作者单位】：长江科学院水土保持研究所;水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：水利部技术示范项目(SF-201601) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费重点项目(CKSF2017050/TB;CKSF2017028/TB) 国家自然科学基金项目(41301298)
【分类号】：S157;S513

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