玉米秸秆汁土壤改良剂对黄绵土抗侵蚀能力的影响

发布时间：2019-05-14 02:38

【摘要】：改良土壤物理性质是提高土壤抗侵蚀能力的主要途径之一。通过人工模拟降雨试验、风蚀试验和野外原位观测试验,研究了不同玉米秸秆汁土壤改良剂喷施方式下黄绵土抗侵蚀能力的改良效果,探讨了玉米秸秆汁防治土壤侵蚀的机理。结果表明,玉米秸秆汁能有效防治黄绵土的水蚀和风蚀。在模拟降雨条件下,喷施玉米秸秆汁的试验处理,黄绵土溅蚀量较对照处理降低24.7%~78.3%,黄土坡面的径流量和片蚀量分别降低40.0%~43.3%和20.9%~34.5%;在天然降雨条件下,无论是短历时低强度或长历时低强度的降雨类型,还是短历时高强度的降雨类型,喷施玉米秸秆汁的试验处理,黄土坡面的径流量和片蚀量较对照处理明显减少,二者的减少幅度分别介于26.3%~62.1%和58.3%~72.0%之间;在不同风速下,玉米秸秆汁可使黄绵土的风蚀量降低24.5%~64.6%。此外,喷施玉米秸秆汁后的静置时间及翻耕与否对不同类型的侵蚀也有重要影响。喷施玉米秸秆汁可有效提高黄绵土的抗剪强度、硬度及大团聚体的百分含量,从而降低土壤侵蚀量。施用玉米秸秆汁后,黄绵土静水崩解量降低了97.4%~98.5%、土壤抗剪强度增加了97.9%~140.0%、土壤硬度增加了11.4%~127.5%;0.25 mm团聚体降低了46.9%~51.6%;2 mm团聚体增加了88.1%~129.7%。玉米秸秆汁是一种良好的防治坡面水蚀和风蚀的土壤改良剂,在施用玉米秸秆汁时,应尽量一次喷施完毕并避免人为土壤扰动。
[Abstract]:Improving soil physical properties is one of the main ways to improve soil erosion resistance. Through artificial simulated rainfall test, wind erosion test and field in situ observation test, the improvement effect of loess soil erosion resistance under different spraying methods of corn straw juice soil improver was studied, and the mechanism of corn straw juice control soil erosion was discussed. The results showed that corn straw juice could effectively control the water erosion and wind erosion of loess soil. Under the condition of simulated rainfall, the splash erosion of loess decreased by 24.7% 鈮，

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