增施磷肥对重度盐碱地食葵生长及土壤微生物区系的影响

发布时间：2019-05-20 04:57

【摘要】：采用大田筒栽试验,设置4个施磷(P2O5)水平:CK(不施磷)、P4(60 kg·hm~(-2))、P8(120 kg·hm~(-2))、P12(180 kg·hm~(-2)),研究了重度盐碱地施磷对食葵叶片保护酶活性、植株干物质积累、磷吸收以及施磷后土壤微生物区系变化特征的影响。结果表明:增施磷显著提高了食葵叶片保护酶活性,食葵叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在施磷达到P4水平即显著提高,且达到P12水平又出现显著增加;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性在施磷量达到P12水平才显著增加。叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量与SOD活性保持相对同步,在施磷量P4、P8水平并没有显著降低,直至达P12水平才显著下降,比CK降低31.40%。食葵叶片、籽粒、根干重及根冠比在施磷量达到P12水平时也显著高于其他处理。食葵籽粒、根系磷积累量均随着施磷量增加显著提高,且各施磷处理食葵地上部、根系含磷量也均显著高于CK,但P12与P8处理差异不显著,另外施磷有利于食葵吸收的磷素由根系向地上部转移运输。增施磷通过调控根系生长以及改善微环境显著增加了土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌等可培养微生物数量,且以P12处理增加最多。食葵盛花期和成熟期也均以P12处理优势菌群种类最丰富,其中盛花期P12处理有数量较多的节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),在食葵收获后则含有考克氏菌属(Kocuria)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和噬几丁质菌属(Chitinophaga)。综合比较来看,河套灌区重度盐碱地施磷180 kg·hm~(-2)可以显著增加食葵叶片保护酶活性,促进食葵生长及磷吸收积累,提高食葵抗性,同时有利于土壤微生物多样性增加。
[Abstract]:Four levels of phosphorus application (P2O5) without phosphorus were set up in field tube planting experiment, P4 (60 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P8) (120 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P12 (180 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P4 (60 kg 路hm ~ (- 2), P12 (180 kg 路hm ~ (- 2),). The effects of phosphorus application on leaf protective enzyme activity, plant dry matter accumulation, phosphorus absorption and soil microbial flora changes after phosphorus application in severe saline-alkali soil were studied. The results showed that phosphorus application significantly increased the protective enzyme activity of sunflower leaves, and the activities of (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in sunflower leaves increased significantly when phosphorus application reached P4 level, and reached P12 level. However, the activity of peroxidase (POD) increased significantly when the amount of phosphorus applied reached the level of P12. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (MDA) in leaves was relatively synchronous with the activity of SOD. At the application rate of P 4, the level of P8 did not decrease significantly until it reached the level of P12, which was 31.40% lower than that of CK. The leaf, grain, root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of sunflower were also significantly higher than those of other treatments when the amount of phosphorus applied reached P12 level. The phosphorus accumulation in root of sunflower grain and root increased significantly with the increase of phosphorus application rate, and the root phosphorus content of each phosphorus application treatment was also significantly higher than that of CK, but there was no significant difference between P12 and P8 treatments. In addition, phosphorus application is beneficial to the transfer and transportation of phosphorus absorbed by sunflower from root to shoot. Phosphorus application significantly increased the number of culturable microorganisms such as soil bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi by regulating root growth and improving microenvironment, and P12 treatment increased the most. The dominant flora species of P12 treatment were also the most abundant in the flowering and mature stages of sunflower. Among them, P12 treatment had a large number of Arthrobacter (Arthrobacter), which contained (Kocuria), after sunflower harvest. Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus) and chitinophagia (Chitinophaga). According to the comprehensive comparison, the application of phosphorus 180 kg 路hm ~ (- 2) in severe saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation area could significantly increase the activity of protective enzyme in the leaves of sunflower, promote the growth, phosphorus absorption and accumulation of sunflower, and improve the resistance of sunflower to eating sunflower. At the same time, it is beneficial to the increase of soil microbial diversity.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;北京理工大学生命学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31471455,31000692) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303130) 北京市自然科学基金项目(5152017)~~
【分类号】：S565.5;S154.3

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