不同地膜覆盖对土壤水温及谷子水分利用和产量构成的影响
发布时间：2019-05-28 19:47
【摘要】：为研究不同地膜覆盖材料对旱区谷子的增产效果和机理,利用田间试验研究不同地膜覆盖(白色聚乙烯地膜(WP)、白色可降解地膜(WD)和黑色可降解地膜(BD))对土壤水温、谷子叶片和群体水分利用效率及产量构成的影响。结果表明:1)与对照(CK,露地)相比,各覆膜处理均使0~20cm土层土壤温度和土壤含水量显著提高,0~100cm土层的蓄水保墒能力有所增加。其中WP处理的地温日较差最大,增温效应最明显,WD、BD处理依次减弱。WP处理的0~20cm土层保水效果最好。各覆膜处理均使谷子生育前期0~100cm土层的蓄水保墒能力提高,为谷子的需水关键期提供了保障。2)各覆膜处理均较CK使谷子的水分利用效率显著提高。其中,BD处理的叶片和群体水分利用效率表现最佳,WD较WP处理水分利用表现略差。3)各覆膜处理较CK均使谷子产量显著提高。BD处理产量最高,WP与WD处理产量相当。4)各覆膜处理中,BD处理的杂草防除效果最优,WP与WD处理效果相当。综上,在谷子田间生产中,黑色、白色可降解地膜具有替代普通聚乙烯地膜的可行性,黑色可降解地膜在水分利用和杂草防除方面表现更优。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect and mechanism of different plastic film mulching materials on increasing yield of millet in dry area, different plastic film mulching (white polyethylene film (WP),) was studied by field experiment. Effects of white degradable plastic film (WD) and black degradable plastic film (BD) on soil water temperature, water use efficiency and yield composition of millet leaves and populations. The results showed that: 1) compared with the control (CK, open field), each plastic film mulching treatment significantly increased the soil temperature and soil water content of 0~20cm soil layer, and the soil moisture storage ability of 0~100cm soil layer increased. Among them, the diurnal temperature difference of WP treatment was the largest, the warming effect was the most obvious, and the WD,BD treatment weakened in turn. The water retention effect of 0~20cm soil layer treated with WP was the best. All the plastic film mulching treatments improved the water storage and soil moisture conservation ability of 0~100cm soil layer in the early growth stage of millet, which provided a guarantee for the critical period of millet water demand. 2) compared with CK, each plastic film mulching treatment significantly improved the water use efficiency of millet. Among them, the water use efficiency of leaves and populations treated with BD was the best, and that of WD was slightly worse than that of WP. 3) compared with CK, the yield of millet was significantly increased by each plastic film mulching treatment, and the yield of BD treatment was the highest. The yield of WP treatment was similar to that of WD treatment. 4) among the plastic film mulching treatments, BD treatment had the best weed control effect, and WP treatment had the same effect as WD treatment. In summary, in millet field production, black and white degradable plastic film has the feasibility of replacing ordinary polyethylene plastic film, and black degradable plastic film is better in water use and weed control.
【作者单位】： 山西农业大学农学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31301269) 国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD07B01-09) 山西省科技攻关项目(20150311016-2) 山西省重点研发项目(2015-TN-09) 山西省谷子产业技术体系2015-06
【分类号】：S152;S515
本文编号：2487322
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect and mechanism of different plastic film mulching materials on increasing yield of millet in dry area, different plastic film mulching (white polyethylene film (WP),) was studied by field experiment. Effects of white degradable plastic film (WD) and black degradable plastic film (BD) on soil water temperature, water use efficiency and yield composition of millet leaves and populations. The results showed that: 1) compared with the control (CK, open field), each plastic film mulching treatment significantly increased the soil temperature and soil water content of 0~20cm soil layer, and the soil moisture storage ability of 0~100cm soil layer increased. Among them, the diurnal temperature difference of WP treatment was the largest, the warming effect was the most obvious, and the WD,BD treatment weakened in turn. The water retention effect of 0~20cm soil layer treated with WP was the best. All the plastic film mulching treatments improved the water storage and soil moisture conservation ability of 0~100cm soil layer in the early growth stage of millet, which provided a guarantee for the critical period of millet water demand. 2) compared with CK, each plastic film mulching treatment significantly improved the water use efficiency of millet. Among them, the water use efficiency of leaves and populations treated with BD was the best, and that of WD was slightly worse than that of WP. 3) compared with CK, the yield of millet was significantly increased by each plastic film mulching treatment, and the yield of BD treatment was the highest. The yield of WP treatment was similar to that of WD treatment. 4) among the plastic film mulching treatments, BD treatment had the best weed control effect, and WP treatment had the same effect as WD treatment. In summary, in millet field production, black and white degradable plastic film has the feasibility of replacing ordinary polyethylene plastic film, and black degradable plastic film is better in water use and weed control.
【作者单位】： 山西农业大学农学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31301269) 国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD07B01-09) 山西省科技攻关项目(20150311016-2) 山西省重点研发项目(2015-TN-09) 山西省谷子产业技术体系2015-06
【分类号】：S152;S515
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