棉花秸秆还田对盐碱地棉田土壤理化性质和生物学特性的影响
发布时间：2019-06-01 20:14
【摘要】：本研究于2013年和2014年,在滨州市滨城区进行,供试土壤为滨海盐碱土。试验通过设置棉花秸秆还田和未还田两个处理,研究了棉花秸秆还田对盐碱地棉田棉花各生育阶段0~20、20~40和40~60cm土层的理化性质和微生物特性的影响,并进行了棉花生长发育状况调查和产量品质的测定,旨在为盐碱地棉田土壤的培肥和棉花秸秆还田的推广应用提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.棉花秸秆还田对盐碱地棉田土壤物理性质的影响连续两年棉花秸秆还田显著提高了0~5、5~10和10~20cm土层的0.25mm大团聚体的百分含量,显著降低了0.25mm微团聚体百分含量;一年秸秆还田显著降低了0~20cm各土层容重,连续两年秸秆还田显著降低了0~30cm各土层容重;一年秸秆还田显著提高了0~20cm各土层的通气孔隙度,连续两年提高了0~30cm各土层的通气孔隙度,一年和连续两年秸秆还田显著提高了0~20cm各土层的总孔隙度,对各土层毛管孔隙度无显著影响。一年和连续两年秸秆还田显著降低了大多数棉花生育阶段0~60cm各土层的含水量。2.棉花秸秆还田对盐碱地棉田土壤化学性质的影响一年和连续两年棉花秸秆还田均显著降低了0~20cm土层的总含盐量和水溶性钠离子含量,连续两年秸秆还田后0~60cm各土层的pH显著降低;一年和连续两年棉花秸秆还田均显著提高了0~20cm土层的有机质含量和碱解氮含量,并且两年秸秆还田的影响明显大于一年;一年秸秆还田对各土层速效磷含量无显著影响,而连续两年秸秆还田后显著降低了0~20cm土层速效磷含量;提高了0~20cm土层水溶性钾、交换性钾和非交换性钾的含量,对20~60cm土层无显著影响,对0~60cm各土层矿物钾含量均无显著影响。3.棉花秸秆还田对盐碱地棉田土壤生物学特性的影响一年和连续两年棉花秸秆还田显著提高了0~20cm土层细菌、放线菌数量,显著降低了真菌数量,提高了0~20cm土层脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,0~20cm土层呼吸速率显著提高。各项生物学特性指标均表现为,连续两年秸秆还田的影响明显大于一年。在20~40cm和40~60cm土层中,处理间土壤各生物学特性均无显著差异。4.棉花秸秆还田对盐碱地棉田棉花生长发育及产量的影响一年棉花秸秆还田提高了棉花的单铃重、单株铃数和衣分,但未达显著水平,最终显著提高了棉花产量,籽棉产量和皮棉产量分别提高13.03%和16.44%;连续两年棉花秸秆还田明显改善了棉花的生长发育状况,其中蕾期和初花期的果节数显著高于未还田,对株高和果枝数有一定提高趋势,显著降低了最终的蕾铃脱落率,提高了单铃重、单株铃数和产量,单铃重提高0.43g,单株铃数增加1.64个,籽棉产量和皮棉产量分别提高18.93%和19.82%,对衣分无显著影响。一年秸秆还田对纤维品质无显著影响;连续两年棉花秸秆还田显著提高了棉纤维的马克隆值,提高幅度为0.52,对纤维长度、强度和整齐度无显著影响。总之,棉花秸秆还田有利于盐碱地棉田土壤结构的改善和肥力的提高,能增加棉花产量,并且随着还田年限的延长,改良及增产效应明显提高。因此,棉花秸秆还田措施值得在滨海盐碱地棉区大面积推广应用。
[Abstract]:The study was conducted in Binzhou District of Binzhou in 2013 and 2014, and the test soil was coastal saline soil. The physical and chemical properties and the microbial characteristics of the cotton field in the cotton fields of the saline-alkali land were studied by setting up two treatments of the cotton straw returning to the field and the non-return field, and the research on the growth and development of the cotton and the determination of the yield quality were carried out. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the soil of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land and the application of the cotton straw to the The main results are as follows:1. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the field on the physical property of the soil in the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved by 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm, and the percentage content of the 0.25-mm large-aggregate in the soil layer of 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm is obviously improved, the percentage content of the 0.25-mm micro-aggregate is obviously reduced, and the volume weight of each soil layer of 0-20cm is obviously reduced for one year, the continuous two-year straw returning to the field obviously reduces the volume weight of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm; the air permeability of each soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is obviously improved for one year, the aeration porosity of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm is improved for two years, and the total porosity of the soil layers of 0 to 20cm is obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, And the capillary porosity of each soil layer has no significant influence. The straw returning to the field for one year and two years significantly reduced the water content of the soil layers of 0-60 cm in most cotton-bearing stages. The total salt content and the water-soluble sodium ion content of 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly reduced by the cotton straw returning to the soil chemical properties of the cotton field in the saline-alkali soil for one year and two years, and the pH of each soil layer of 0-60 cm after the two-year straw returning field was significantly reduced. the total organic matter content and the alkaline solution nitrogen content of the 0-20 cm soil layer are obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, and the effect of the two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year; and the quick-acting phosphorus content of each soil layer has no significant influence on each soil layer in one year, And the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer is improved, and the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the soil layer of 0-20cm is improved, and the content of the mineral potassium in each soil layer of 0-60 cm has no significant influence on the content of the mineral potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the soil biological property of the saline-alkali soil cotton field is greatly improved, the number of the bacteria and the actinomycetes in the 0-20cm soil layer is obviously improved, the number of the actinomycetes is obviously reduced, the activity of the enzyme, the sucrose enzyme and the catalase in the soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is improved, The respiration rate of the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly improved. The biological characteristic indexes all show that the effect of the continuous two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year. There was no significant difference in the biological characteristics of the soil between 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil. The effect of cotton straw returning to field on the growth and yield of cotton in the saline-alkali land was one year, and the single boll weight, the number of boll and the size of the cotton in the cotton field were increased, but the cotton yield, seed cotton yield and lint yield were increased by 13.03% and 16.44% respectively. in that continuous two-year cotton straw return to the field, the growth and development condition of the cotton is obviously improved, the fruit rate of the bud stage and the early flowering stage is obviously higher than that of the unfurther field, the yield of the plant height and the fruit branch is improved, the final bud loss rate is obviously reduced, the weight of the single boll, the number of bolls and the yield of the single plant are improved, The weight of single boll was increased by 0.43 g, the number of boll was increased by 1.64, and the yield of seed cotton and lint yield were increased by 18.93% and 19.82%, respectively. A year of straw returning to the field has no significant effect on the fiber quality; the cotton straw returning to the field of the continuous two-year cotton field obviously improves the horse cloning value of the cotton fiber and improves the amplitude to be 0.52, and has no significant influence on the fiber length, the strength and the order degree. In conclusion, the cotton straw returning to the field is beneficial to the improvement of the soil structure and the improvement of the fertility of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land, and the yield of the cotton can be increased, and the effect of improving and increasing the yield is obviously improved with the extension of the field of returning to the field. Therefore, the cotton straw returning measures are worth spreading in the cotton area of the coastal saline-alkali land.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4
本文编号：2490551
[Abstract]:The study was conducted in Binzhou District of Binzhou in 2013 and 2014, and the test soil was coastal saline soil. The physical and chemical properties and the microbial characteristics of the cotton field in the cotton fields of the saline-alkali land were studied by setting up two treatments of the cotton straw returning to the field and the non-return field, and the research on the growth and development of the cotton and the determination of the yield quality were carried out. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the soil of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land and the application of the cotton straw to the The main results are as follows:1. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the field on the physical property of the soil in the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved by 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm, and the percentage content of the 0.25-mm large-aggregate in the soil layer of 0-5,5-10 and 10-20cm is obviously improved, the percentage content of the 0.25-mm micro-aggregate is obviously reduced, and the volume weight of each soil layer of 0-20cm is obviously reduced for one year, the continuous two-year straw returning to the field obviously reduces the volume weight of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm; the air permeability of each soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is obviously improved for one year, the aeration porosity of each soil layer of 0 to 30 cm is improved for two years, and the total porosity of the soil layers of 0 to 20cm is obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, And the capillary porosity of each soil layer has no significant influence. The straw returning to the field for one year and two years significantly reduced the water content of the soil layers of 0-60 cm in most cotton-bearing stages. The total salt content and the water-soluble sodium ion content of 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly reduced by the cotton straw returning to the soil chemical properties of the cotton field in the saline-alkali soil for one year and two years, and the pH of each soil layer of 0-60 cm after the two-year straw returning field was significantly reduced. the total organic matter content and the alkaline solution nitrogen content of the 0-20 cm soil layer are obviously improved for one year and two consecutive years, and the effect of the two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year; and the quick-acting phosphorus content of each soil layer has no significant influence on each soil layer in one year, And the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer is improved, and the content of the water-soluble potassium, the exchange potassium and the non-exchangeable potassium in the soil layer of 0-20cm is improved, and the content of the mineral potassium in each soil layer of 0-60 cm has no significant influence on the content of the mineral potassium in the 0-60 cm soil layer. the effect of the cotton straw returning to the soil biological property of the saline-alkali soil cotton field is greatly improved, the number of the bacteria and the actinomycetes in the 0-20cm soil layer is obviously improved, the number of the actinomycetes is obviously reduced, the activity of the enzyme, the sucrose enzyme and the catalase in the soil layer of 0 to 20 cm is improved, The respiration rate of the 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly improved. The biological characteristic indexes all show that the effect of the continuous two-year straw returning to the field is obviously greater than one year. There was no significant difference in the biological characteristics of the soil between 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil. The effect of cotton straw returning to field on the growth and yield of cotton in the saline-alkali land was one year, and the single boll weight, the number of boll and the size of the cotton in the cotton field were increased, but the cotton yield, seed cotton yield and lint yield were increased by 13.03% and 16.44% respectively. in that continuous two-year cotton straw return to the field, the growth and development condition of the cotton is obviously improved, the fruit rate of the bud stage and the early flowering stage is obviously higher than that of the unfurther field, the yield of the plant height and the fruit branch is improved, the final bud loss rate is obviously reduced, the weight of the single boll, the number of bolls and the yield of the single plant are improved, The weight of single boll was increased by 0.43 g, the number of boll was increased by 1.64, and the yield of seed cotton and lint yield were increased by 18.93% and 19.82%, respectively. A year of straw returning to the field has no significant effect on the fiber quality; the cotton straw returning to the field of the continuous two-year cotton field obviously improves the horse cloning value of the cotton fiber and improves the amplitude to be 0.52, and has no significant influence on the fiber length, the strength and the order degree. In conclusion, the cotton straw returning to the field is beneficial to the improvement of the soil structure and the improvement of the fertility of the cotton field in the saline-alkali land, and the yield of the cotton can be increased, and the effect of improving and increasing the yield is obviously improved with the extension of the field of returning to the field. Therefore, the cotton straw returning measures are worth spreading in the cotton area of the coastal saline-alkali land.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4
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，本文编号：2490551
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