云南不同类型土壤的元素含量测定及红外光谱分析

发布时间：2019-06-02 14:25

【摘要】：土壤是生态系统中生物赖以生存和发展的最基本、最重要的环境要素,它不但是农作物生产的承担者,而且也为人类提供了舒适的生态环境。中国人多地少,面对生存和发展的重压,土壤的研究显得尤为重要。本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱结合傅里叶变换红外光谱对云南不同类型土壤的常、微量元素和红外光谱进行了分析。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测云南农田土壤常、微量元素(P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)的含量。结果显示:云南农田土壤中速效P、速效K含量处于平衡,速效Ca、速效Mg亏缺,速效Cu、速效Fe、速效Zn、速效Mn等微量元素盈余。在不同地貌下,农田土壤的常、微量元素分布存在着差异,其中滇中地区土壤的速效Zn、速效Fe和速效Mn含量显著高于滇东地区和滇西地区;速效K、速效Ca、速效P的含量从滇西至滇东有逐渐下降的趋势;而速效Cu的含量则从滇西到滇东有逐渐上升的趋势。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对云南省元谋土林风景区7种不同颜色土壤进行分析。ICP-MS测试结果显示,元谋土林土壤中的速效磷、速效钾、速效钙、速效镁、速效铜、速效铁、速效锌、速效锰等多种无机矿物元素含量丰富,且不同颜色土壤的常量与微量元素含量不同。速效磷、速效钾、速效镁、速效铜、速效铁、速效锌、速效锰含量均与速效钙呈显著的负相关关系。7种土壤的红外光谱非常相似,3698,3621,1032,798,779,694 cm-1峰以及470 cm-1峰是主要的特征吸收峰。7种土壤的红外光谱显示,其矿物成分以石英为主,还含有少量的磷酸盐、金属氧化物等成分。应用傅里叶变换红外光谱结合化学计量学对云南5种类型的土壤进行分析。结果显示,5种类型土壤的红外光谱整体相似,而二阶导数光谱在1200-700cm-1范围差异明显。选取此波数范围内的光谱数据对土壤样品进行主成份分析和聚类分析。主成份分析的分类正确率达到100%,聚类分析的正确率为100%。表明傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合多元统计分析的方法能够对不同类型的土壤进行鉴别分析。研究结果表明,电感耦合等离子体质谱结合傅里叶变换红外光谱为土壤的成分分析研究提供了一种简易可靠的方法。
[Abstract]:Soil is the most basic and important environmental factor for the survival and development of organisms in the ecosystem. It is not only the bearer of crop production, but also provides a comfortable ecological environment for human beings. There are more people and less land in China. In the face of the pressure of survival and development, the study of soil is particularly important. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the common and trace elements and infrared spectra of different types of soils in Yunnan. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the contents of trace elements (P, K, Ca, mg, Fe, Zn, mn) in farmland soils of Yunnan Province. The results showed that the content of available P and available K in farmland soil of Yunnan Province was balanced, the content of available Mg in available Ca, was deficient, and the surplus of trace elements such as quick-acting Cu, quick-acting Fe, quick-acting Zn, and quick-acting Mn was found in the soil of Yunnan Province. The distribution of trace elements in farmland soils was different under different geomorphology, and the contents of available Zn, available Fe and available Mn in soils in central Yunnan were significantly higher than those in eastern Yunnan and western Yunnan. The content of available K and quick-impact Ca, quick-impact P decreased gradually from western Yunnan to eastern Yunnan, while the content of available Cu increased gradually from western Yunnan to eastern Yunnan. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) were used to analyze seven different color soils in Yuanmou soil forest scenic spot of Yunnan Province. ICP-MS test results showed that available phosphorus in Yuanmou soil forest soil. Available potassium, available calcium, available magnesium, available copper, available iron, available zinc, available manganese and other inorganic mineral elements are rich in available potassium, available calcium, available magnesium, available copper, available iron, available zinc, available manganese and other inorganic mineral elements, and the contents of constant and trace elements in different color soils are different. The contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, available magnesium, available copper, available iron, available zinc and available manganese were negatively correlated with available calcium. The infrared spectra of seven soils were very similar. The main characteristic absorption peaks are 3698, 3621, 1032798779694 cm-1 and 4708. the infrared spectra of seven soils show that the mineral composition of the seven soils is mainly quartz, but also contains a small amount of phosphate, metal oxides and so on. Five types of soils in Yunnan were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometrics. The results showed that the infrared spectra of the five types of soils were similar, while the second derivative spectra were significantly different in the 1200-700cm-1 range. The spectral data in this wavenumber range were selected for principal component analysis and cluster analysis of soil samples. The classification accuracy of principal component analysis is 100%, and that of cluster analysis is 100%. The results show that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis can identify and analyze different types of soil. The results show that inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides a simple and reliable method for soil composition analysis.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6

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