农业景观中非农景观要素结构特征对植物物种多样性的影响——以封丘县为例

发布时间：2019-06-02 16:06

【摘要】：农业景观中的非农生境对维持与提高农业景观的生物多样性具有非常关键的作用。为了探究非农生境的相关结构属性对农业景观中植物物种多样性的影响,选择黄河下游平原区的封丘县为研究区域,对研究区内42个样点的非农生境进行植物多样性调查,并对各个样点周围1 km范围内的非农景观要素进行了提取,分析不同非农生境中植物物种组成及其景观要素的构成、结构及空间配置对植物物种多样性的影响。研究结果表明:不同类型的非农生境中,物种组成共有种相对较多,特有种或指示种较少;林地与树篱具有相对较高的物种多样性,以沟渠为生境的植物物种组成与其它两种生境类型相比存在明显差异;林地与树篱/沟渠的组成比例相当时,植物物种丰富度最高;景观指数对不同非农生境中的植物物种具有明显影响,景观破碎化及人为干扰指数的影响较为显著。未来在对本区域内农业景观进行结构优化的过程中,应从非农景观要素的改造入手。通过调整和设置非农景观要素的不同类型及比例、合理改造其结构与空间配置,为最终实现农业景观的有效管理与可持续健康发展奠定重要的研究基础。
[Abstract]:The non-agricultural habitat in agricultural landscape plays a very key role in maintaining and improving the biodiversity of agricultural landscape. In order to explore the influence of the related structural attributes of non-agricultural habitat on plant species diversity in agricultural landscape, Fengqiu County in the plain area of the lower reaches of the Yellow River was selected as the research area, and the plant diversity of 42 sample sites in the study area was investigated. The non-agricultural landscape elements in the range of 1 km around each sample site were extracted, and the effects of plant species composition and landscape elements, structure and spatial allocation on plant species diversity in different non-agricultural habitats were analyzed. The results showed that there were more species common species and fewer specific species or indicator species in different types of non-agricultural habitats. Forest land and hedge have relatively high species diversity, and the species composition of plants with ditch as habitat is significantly different from that of the other two habitat types, and the richness of plant species is the highest when the proportion of forest land and hedge / ditch is the same. Landscape index has obvious effect on plant species in different non-agricultural habitats, and landscape fragmentation and human disturbance index have significant effects. In the process of optimizing the structure of agricultural landscape in this region in the future, we should start with the transformation of non-agricultural landscape elements. By adjusting and setting up the different types and proportion of non-agricultural landscape elements, the structure and spatial allocation of non-agricultural landscape elements are reasonably reformed, which lays an important research foundation for the ultimate realization of effective management and sustainable and healthy development of agricultural landscape.
【作者单位】：教育部黄河中下游数字地理技术重点实验室;河南大学环境与规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41371195)
【分类号】：S181

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