中国北方变性土的矿物学、孔隙和机械物理性质以及改变
发布时间：2021-10-22 22:54
变性土具有独特的矿物、形态,黏粒含量以及理化特征。这些特性的存在会使变性土有问题或不适合农业可持续发展。然而,在世界各地,变性土被用作耕地,被认为是可持续发展农业的重要资源。中国华北的砂姜黑土是典型的低产土壤,它具有变性土的特性,含有大量蒙脱石粘粒。特殊的黏土矿物组成和高粘粒含量会导致土壤耕作艰难及其物理特征变差,还将直接影响其他土壤特性和作物产量。作为中国华北重要的土壤资源,需从土壤的、土壤物理力学等阐明土壤不良性质导致的土壤低产原因,并探索土壤改良技术,为低产土壤改良和促进土壤持续生产力提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下1)粘土矿物的矿物学研究粘粒矿物在土壤养分的循环、物理化学性质、土体的形成和污染物的迁移方面有重要的作用。为了更好地理解这些土壤过程和功能的复杂性,利用纳米Zetasizer、X-射线衍射（XRD）、高分辩透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）等技术对黏土矿物的粒度分布（PSD）、矿物学组成、形态和晶格条纹等进行了研究。粒径分析值显示,研究剖面的粘土矿物的粒度大小呈正态分布和单峰分布的状态,粘土矿物的尺寸从纳米到微生米尺度。粘土矿物的XRD分析显示,黏土矿物组成以蒙脱石、蛭石及高...
【文章来源】：浙江大学浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：168 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 General introduction and literature review
1.1. Introduction to vertic soils
1.2. Occurrence and distribution
1.3. Chinese Vertiosls
1.4. General characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.1. Mineralogical characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.2. Chemical characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.3. Physical characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.4. Mechanical characteristics of vertic soils
1.5. Choice of amendments for the improvement of vertic soils
1.5.1. Biochar as an amendment
1.5.2. Coal fly ash as amendment
1.5.3. Wastewater sludge as an amendment
1.6. Conclusion and overall objectives of the study
Chapter 2 Characterization of clay mineralogy of vertic soils of Northern China
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Materials and Methods
2.2.1. Soil sampling and determination of soil basic properties
2.2.2. Fractionation for<0.002mm clay minerals
2.2.3. Particle size distribution (PSD) of clay minerals
2.2.4. XRD analysis for clay minerals
2.2.5. TEM and HRTEM analysis
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Basic properties and fractionation of studied profiles
2.3.2. Particle size distribution (PSD)
2.3.3. Mineral distribution of vertic soils of Northern China along the depth
2.3.4. Clay mineralogy identified by XRD
2.3.5. Morphology, chemical composition and lattice structure of clay minerals characterized by HRTEM
2.4. Discussion
2.4.1. Fractionation and particles size distribution (PSD) characteristics of clay minerals
2.4.2. Mineralogical characteristics of vertic soils
2.4.3. TEM study and morphological characteristics of clay minerals
2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3 Mechanical and physical properties and cracking characteristics of vertic soils of Northern China
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Materials and Methods
3.2.1. Soil description and experiment layout
3.2.2. Particle size distribution (PSD) of soil
3.2.3. Determination of soil mechanical and physical properties
3.2.3.1. Coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE)
3.2.3.2. Soil strength (Tensile and Shear strength)
3.2.5. Soil cracking analysis
3.2.6. Statistical analysis
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Basic properties of studied profiles
3.3.2. Mechanical and physical properties(COLE,Tensile Strength and Shear strength)
3.3.4. Soil Cracking
3.3.6. Principal component analysis
3.3.7. Effect of temperature,water contents and amendments on cracking of vertic soils
3.4. Discussion
3.4.1. Physical properties and COLE
3.4.2. Mechanical strength of studied profiles
3.4.3. Cracking characteristics of studied profiles
3.4.4. Effect of temperature and water contents on the cracking and improving the cracking capacity of vertic soils due to amendments
3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Porosity and pore size distribution of vertic soils of Northern China and correlation to soil organicmatter
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Materials and Methods
4.2.1. Soils
4.2.2. Nitrogen adsorption(NA)
4.2.3. Mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)
4.2.4. Organic matter removal
4.3 Results
4.3.1. Basic properties of three vertic soils
4.3.2. Soil porosity and pore size distribution of six profiles of Northern China
4.3.3. Porosity analysis of three vertic soils before and after of organic removal
4.3.3.1. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms
4.3.3.2. Pore size distribution based on nitrogen adsorption
4.3.3.3. Pore size distribution based on MIP
4.3.3.4. Effect of organic matter on pore structure
4.4. Discussion
4.4.1. Porosity and pore size distribution of six profiles
4.4.2. Pore structure of vertic soils before and after organic matter removal
4.4.2.1. Comparison of the NA and MIP methods
4.4.2.2. Role of organic matter in the soil pore formation
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Improvement of mechanical and physical properties of vertic soils
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Materials and Methods
5.2.1. Soil description and experiment details
5.2.2. Soil physical and chemical properties analysis
5.2.3. Determination of consistency limits
5.2.4. Determination of COLE
5.2.5. Determination of tensile strength and shear strength
5.2.6. Determination of swelling potential and swelling pressure
5.2.7. Statistical analysis
5.4. Results
5.4.1. Effect of amendments on the consistency limit of vertic soil
5.4.2. Effect of amendments on the COLE
5.4.3. Effect of amendments on the strength (tensile and shear strength) of vertic soil
5.4.4. Effect of amendments on the swelling potential (SP) and swelling pressure (SPr)
5.4.5. Correlation among the studied physical parameters
5.5. Discussion
5.5.1. Improvement in the consistency limit and COLE
5.5.2. Improvement in the tensile and shear strengths
5.5.3. Improvement in the swelling potential and swelling pressure
5.6. Conclusions
Chapter 6 Major conclusions and perspectives
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Future challenges and recommendations
References
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Does Biochar Addition Influence the Change Points of Soil Phosphorus Leaching?[J]. ZHAO Xiao-rong,LI Dan,KONG Juan,LIN Qi-mei. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2014(03)
[2]Occurrence, Structure and Mineral Phases of Nanoparticles in an Anthrosol[J]. LU Sheng-Gao,SUN Fang-Fang,ZONG Yu-Tong. Pedosphere. 2013(03)
[3]元谋干热河谷区退化坡地土壤裂缝形态发育的影响因子[J]. 熊东红,杨丹,李佳佳,苏正安,董一帆,翟娟. 农业工程学报. 2013(01)
[4]我国砂姜黑土土种的系统分类归属研究[J]. 李德成,张甘霖,龚子同. 土壤. 2011(04)
[5]A pedodiversity pattern: taxonomically established soil orders in China[J]. ZHANG Xuelei, GONG Zitong(State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China). Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2004(S1)
[6]Age and Some Genetic Characteristics of Vertisols in China[J]. ZHANG MIN, LIU LIANG-WU and GONG ZI-TONGInstitute of Soil Science, A cademia Sinica, P.O. Box821, Nanjing 210008 (China). Pedosphere. 1993(01)
[7]Formation and Evolution of Vertisols in Huaibei Plain[J]. LIU LIANG-WUInstitute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing (China). Pedosphere. 1991(01)
本文编号：3451982
【文章来源】：浙江大学浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：168 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Acknowledgements
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 General introduction and literature review
1.1. Introduction to vertic soils
1.2. Occurrence and distribution
1.3. Chinese Vertiosls
1.4. General characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.1. Mineralogical characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.2. Chemical characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.3. Physical characteristics of vertic soils
1.4.4. Mechanical characteristics of vertic soils
1.5. Choice of amendments for the improvement of vertic soils
1.5.1. Biochar as an amendment
1.5.2. Coal fly ash as amendment
1.5.3. Wastewater sludge as an amendment
1.6. Conclusion and overall objectives of the study
Chapter 2 Characterization of clay mineralogy of vertic soils of Northern China
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Materials and Methods
2.2.1. Soil sampling and determination of soil basic properties
2.2.2. Fractionation for<0.002mm clay minerals
2.2.3. Particle size distribution (PSD) of clay minerals
2.2.4. XRD analysis for clay minerals
2.2.5. TEM and HRTEM analysis
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Basic properties and fractionation of studied profiles
2.3.2. Particle size distribution (PSD)
2.3.3. Mineral distribution of vertic soils of Northern China along the depth
2.3.4. Clay mineralogy identified by XRD
2.3.5. Morphology, chemical composition and lattice structure of clay minerals characterized by HRTEM
2.4. Discussion
2.4.1. Fractionation and particles size distribution (PSD) characteristics of clay minerals
2.4.2. Mineralogical characteristics of vertic soils
2.4.3. TEM study and morphological characteristics of clay minerals
2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3 Mechanical and physical properties and cracking characteristics of vertic soils of Northern China
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Materials and Methods
3.2.1. Soil description and experiment layout
3.2.2. Particle size distribution (PSD) of soil
3.2.3. Determination of soil mechanical and physical properties
3.2.3.1. Coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE)
3.2.3.2. Soil strength (Tensile and Shear strength)
3.2.5. Soil cracking analysis
3.2.6. Statistical analysis
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Basic properties of studied profiles
3.3.2. Mechanical and physical properties(COLE,Tensile Strength and Shear strength)
3.3.4. Soil Cracking
3.3.6. Principal component analysis
3.3.7. Effect of temperature,water contents and amendments on cracking of vertic soils
3.4. Discussion
3.4.1. Physical properties and COLE
3.4.2. Mechanical strength of studied profiles
3.4.3. Cracking characteristics of studied profiles
3.4.4. Effect of temperature and water contents on the cracking and improving the cracking capacity of vertic soils due to amendments
3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Porosity and pore size distribution of vertic soils of Northern China and correlation to soil organicmatter
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Materials and Methods
4.2.1. Soils
4.2.2. Nitrogen adsorption(NA)
4.2.3. Mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)
4.2.4. Organic matter removal
4.3 Results
4.3.1. Basic properties of three vertic soils
4.3.2. Soil porosity and pore size distribution of six profiles of Northern China
4.3.3. Porosity analysis of three vertic soils before and after of organic removal
4.3.3.1. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms
4.3.3.2. Pore size distribution based on nitrogen adsorption
4.3.3.3. Pore size distribution based on MIP
4.3.3.4. Effect of organic matter on pore structure
4.4. Discussion
4.4.1. Porosity and pore size distribution of six profiles
4.4.2. Pore structure of vertic soils before and after organic matter removal
4.4.2.1. Comparison of the NA and MIP methods
4.4.2.2. Role of organic matter in the soil pore formation
4.5 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Improvement of mechanical and physical properties of vertic soils
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Materials and Methods
5.2.1. Soil description and experiment details
5.2.2. Soil physical and chemical properties analysis
5.2.3. Determination of consistency limits
5.2.4. Determination of COLE
5.2.5. Determination of tensile strength and shear strength
5.2.6. Determination of swelling potential and swelling pressure
5.2.7. Statistical analysis
5.4. Results
5.4.1. Effect of amendments on the consistency limit of vertic soil
5.4.2. Effect of amendments on the COLE
5.4.3. Effect of amendments on the strength (tensile and shear strength) of vertic soil
5.4.4. Effect of amendments on the swelling potential (SP) and swelling pressure (SPr)
5.4.5. Correlation among the studied physical parameters
5.5. Discussion
5.5.1. Improvement in the consistency limit and COLE
5.5.2. Improvement in the tensile and shear strengths
5.5.3. Improvement in the swelling potential and swelling pressure
5.6. Conclusions
Chapter 6 Major conclusions and perspectives
6.1 Major findings
6.2 Future challenges and recommendations
References
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]Does Biochar Addition Influence the Change Points of Soil Phosphorus Leaching?[J]. ZHAO Xiao-rong,LI Dan,KONG Juan,LIN Qi-mei. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2014(03)
[2]Occurrence, Structure and Mineral Phases of Nanoparticles in an Anthrosol[J]. LU Sheng-Gao,SUN Fang-Fang,ZONG Yu-Tong. Pedosphere. 2013(03)
[3]元谋干热河谷区退化坡地土壤裂缝形态发育的影响因子[J]. 熊东红,杨丹,李佳佳,苏正安,董一帆,翟娟. 农业工程学报. 2013(01)
[4]我国砂姜黑土土种的系统分类归属研究[J]. 李德成,张甘霖,龚子同. 土壤. 2011(04)
[5]A pedodiversity pattern: taxonomically established soil orders in China[J]. ZHANG Xuelei, GONG Zitong(State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China). Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2004(S1)
[6]Age and Some Genetic Characteristics of Vertisols in China[J]. ZHANG MIN, LIU LIANG-WU and GONG ZI-TONGInstitute of Soil Science, A cademia Sinica, P.O. Box821, Nanjing 210008 (China). Pedosphere. 1993(01)
[7]Formation and Evolution of Vertisols in Huaibei Plain[J]. LIU LIANG-WUInstitute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing (China). Pedosphere. 1991(01)
本文编号：3451982
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