增程式电动车辅助动力单元动态建模及协调控制研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 21:36

本文关键词：增程式电动车辅助动力单元动态建模及协调控制研究　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随国民生活水平的提高,家庭轿车逐渐成为日常交通工具的主流。汽车保有量的日益攀升带给人们方便舒适的同时,也引发了交通治理,城市污染和气候变化等一系列社会问题,更是加剧了国家能源安全问题。为此近几年国家和政府不断以国家政策和地方配套政策的方式鼓励和推广新能源汽车及相关设施的发展,取得了良好效果。鉴于当前动力电池、充电设施等关键技术尚未成熟化,纯电动汽车推广进入瓶颈期,增程式电动车迎刃而上,在纯电动车基础上增加一个内燃发电机组作为辅助动力单元(APU)来增加整车续驶里程,兼具传统车和纯电动车的优点,成为当前新能源汽车领域的焦点。本文所研究的APU是由汽油发动机、永磁式ISG电机及其控制组成的发电系统,设置三个工作点：怠速点、经济功率工作点和额定功率工作点。基于课题组增程式电动车科研项目,发现传统控制策略下APU起动和由低功率工作点向高功率工作点切换过程中会出现较大的转速超调量和转矩冲击,伴随严重的机械噪声,直接影响整车平顺性和燃油经济性。为此把APU起动和工作点切换过程作为研究内容,首先研究发动机和ISG电机的转速、转矩动态输出特性,建立发动机、ISG电机系统及APU动态模型,然后通过研究发动机和ISG电机之间转速转矩的协调关系,制定了新的APU起动和工作点切换控制策略,极大改善了APU动态响应性能。具体完成了以下内容：(1)APU控制分析研究。分别阐述了APU整车控制和系统控制的技术特点,以APU系统控制中的动态控制为研究重点,分析了APU传统起动控制和工作点切换控制存在的技术问题,同时分析了当前面向控制的发动机和ISG电机系统动态建模技术,为全文研究奠定牢固基础。(2)APU动态模型搭建。在Matlab/Simulink软件环境下搭建了发动机平均值模型,电机本体模型,矢量控制模型及电驱动系统模型,然后根据牛顿第二定律,建立不同工况下APU运动方程,以此将发动机和ISG电机系统模型联合成APU动态模型,最后利用阶跃输入仿真验证了各自动态响应性能。(3)APU起动控制策略制定与仿真验证。基于利用ISG电机较大起动转矩来避免发动机起动加浓喷油的思想,制定了新的APU起动控制策略,详细研究了控制过程中初次点火转速值,怠速值,电机拖动发动机方式和电机转矩退出方式的影响,最后建模仿真并与传统控制策略对比,验证了该起动控制策略在起动时间,平顺性和燃油经济性方面具有明显优势。(4)APU工作点切换控制策略制定与仿真验证。所制定的APU工作点切换控制策略可根据工作点切换类型不同采用不同的控制方式,其中由低功率工作点向高功率工作点切换控制是本文研究重点。详细研究了控制过程中发动机节气门控制方式,发动机卸载方式,转速拖动方式和发动机加载方式的影响,最后建模仿真并与传统控制策略对比,验证了该切换控制策略在切换时间,平顺性和燃油经济性方面具有明显优势。本文使用Simulink软件搭建了合理的APU动态模型,制定了新的APU起动和工作点切换控制策略,为他人研究提供了一种借鉴,有助于推进APU产品开发和推广。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of the living standard, the mainstream family car has become daily transportation. Car ownership is rising at the same time bring people comfortable and convenient, but also led to traffic management, a series of social problems such as climate change and pollution of the city, is exacerbated by the national energy security issues. The development of this country in recent years and the government has been in the national policy and local supporting policies to encourage and promote new energy vehicles and related facilities, and achieved good results. In view of the current power battery, charging facilities and other key technology is not yet mature, promotion of electric vehicles into the bottleneck, the extended range electric vehicle meet the blade, in a pure electric vehicle based on the increase a diesel generator as an auxiliary power unit (APU) to increase the vehicle mileage, the advantages of both the traditional vehicles and pure electric vehicles, has become the new energy vehicles in the field Focus. This paper is composed of APU gasoline engine, ISG power system of permanent magnet motor and its control component, set up three working point: idle, economic power point and rated power operating point. The research group extended range electric vehicle based on scientific research project, found a large speed overshoot and torque shock the traditional control strategy under APU starting and from low power point to high power switching process, with mechanical noise is serious, directly affects the vehicle ride comfort and fuel economy. For the APU starting and working point of the switching process as the research content, first on the engine and ISG motor speed, torque dynamic output characteristics. The establishment of engine, ISG motor system and APU dynamic model, rotational speed and torque coordination relationship and through the research of the engine and ISG motor, developed a new starting point APU and switching control The strategy, which greatly improved the dynamic response performance of APU. The specific as follows: (1) analysis. APU control respectively expounds the technical features of APU control and vehicle control system, a dynamic APU control system is the focus of the study, analysis of the traditional APU technology starting problems of control and switching control point at the same time, analysis of the current control oriented engine and ISG motor dynamic system modeling technology, lay a solid foundation for the research. (2) to build the dynamic model of APU. The average value of the engine model is built in the Matlab/Simulink software environment, the model of motor, vector control system model and drive power model, then according to Newton's second law, the establishment of APU equations under different conditions, the dynamic model of APU combined engine and ISG motor system model, finally using the step input simulation to verify the automatic state. The performance of APU. (3) starting control strategy and simulation. The larger starting torque to avoid engine starting fuel injection motor based on the thought of using ISG, to develop a new APU starting control strategy, control of the process of the initial ignition speed value, idle value, electric machine and drag the engine torque out of the way, finally, the modeling and simulation with the traditional control strategy comparison, verification of the starting control strategy in the starting time, has the advantage of comfort and fuel economy. (4) APU working point switching control strategy formulation and simulation. The APU operating point switching control strategy according to the working point switch different types of different control methods, which is composed of low power point to high power point switching control is the focus of this paper. A detailed study of the engine control in the process of solar term door control The way, the engine unloading speed, impact drag and engine load, the modeling and simulation with the traditional control strategy comparison, verification of the switching control strategy in switching time, has the advantage of comfort and fuel economy. This paper uses the Simulink software to build a APU dynamic model is reasonable, to develop a new APU the starting point and switching control strategy, and provides a reference for the research of others, help to promote the promotion and development of APU products.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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