某校车座椅的抗撞性分析与结构优化

发布时间：2018-01-21 22:33

本文关键词： 校车座椅抗撞性灵敏度结构优化　出处：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济的飞速发展,人民物质生活的不断提高,对生命安全性的重视程度也越来越高,特别是面对校车交通事故。2012年5月,国家重新修订的标准GB24406-2012《专用校车学生座椅系统及其车辆固定件的强度》,对在静态冲击下学生座椅系统及其车辆固定件的强度提出要求,而且首次采用了带假人的动态冲击台车试验模拟实车碰撞,对假人伤害提出了要求,以考察座椅对乘员学生的保护作用。校车学生座椅F01开发时,GB24406-2012还没有颁布,故只沿用现有成人客车乘客座椅的结构形式,学生特别是小学生,并不是成人身体简单的缩小,其身材比例与成人有一定的差异,比如儿童的头部偏大偏重,并且儿童相对成人抵抗外力的能力弱。因此这种仿成人座椅结构形式的学生座椅,按法规进行试验,动静态试验均不能满足新法规要求,因此急迫需要设计出一款全面满足新法规的校车学生座椅。本文首先对国外某校车座椅进行了对标、试验、建模、仿真。首先按法规方法进行动静态试验,然后对标外形、材料、结构等,为正向设计校车学生座椅提供参考。接着对仿真模型的有效性进行验证,其实仿真模型很难做到与实际状态相吻合,所以我们认为仿真模型和试验误差在10%以内就可以认为模型是有效的。接着就校车座椅设计参数对碰撞过程中有安全带和无安全带工况下儿童乘员和女性乘员的头部伤害和胸部伤害的影响情况,进行总结,最终形成灵敏度统计表,以便以后指导校车座椅设计研究和结构优化。同时对于试验过程中的伤害模式,即头部伤害及胸部伤害进行了分析。本文重点是设计一款全面满足法规的座椅,对标某国外校车座椅正向设计一款校车座椅,建立三维模型,仿真实验结果表明动静态试验均不能满足法规规定。本文的难点是优化校车座椅F01初始结构,使其全面满足法规规定。通过仿真动画及位移曲线,对标某国外校车座椅试验动画及位移曲线,分析校车座椅F01骨架结构问题,提出改进方案,同时对不同硬度泡沫对假人伤害的影响程度进行了初步探索选择,最终确定改进结构方案。动静态仿真其结构全面满足法规要求。目前,该校车座椅已经量产,投放市场。通过校车座椅的建模及仿真分析,大大降低了重复试验及设计,提高了设计效率。文中的设计仿真方案是基于校车新标准的各项要求制定,具有普遍的实用性,其他类型校车座椅或者成人乘客座椅也可以借鉴,具有一定的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy and the continuous improvement of people's material life, the importance of life safety is increasing, especially in the face of school bus traffic accident. May 2012. National revised standard GB24406-2012 "strength of student seat system and its vehicle fasteners for special school bus". The requirements for the strength of the student seat system and its vehicle fixtures under static impact are put forward, and the dynamic impact test with dummy is used to simulate the real vehicle collision for the first time, and the requirement for the damage of dummy is put forward. In order to investigate the protective effect of seats on passengers and students. When the school bus student seat F01 was developed, GB24406-2012 has not been promulgated, so it only follows the existing structure of adult passenger seat. Students, especially primary school students, is not the simple reduction of adult body, the proportion of their figure and adults have a certain difference, such as children's head is too heavy. And the ability of children to resist external force is relatively weak. Therefore, this kind of adult seat structure of student seats, according to the laws of the test, dynamic and static tests can not meet the requirements of the new regulations. Therefore, it is urgent to design a school bus student seat that fully meets the new regulations. Firstly, this paper carries out dynamic and static tests on a school bus seat in foreign countries, including calibration, test, modeling and simulation. First, the static and dynamic tests are carried out according to the laws and regulations. Then the standard shape, material, structure and so on, to provide a reference for the forward design of the school bus student seat. Then the validity of the simulation model is verified, in fact, the simulation model is difficult to match with the actual state. So we think that the simulation model and the test error within 10% can be considered as valid. Then, according to the design parameters of the school bus seat seat, there is seat belt and no seat belt condition for child and female passengers during the collision. The effects of head injuries and chest injuries. In order to guide the research of school bus seat design and structure optimization, the sensitivity statistical table will be formed. At the same time, the damage mode in the process of test will be given. That is head injury and chest injury are analyzed. This paper focuses on the design of a comprehensive compliance with the laws of the seat of a foreign school bus seat forward design a school bus seat to establish a three-dimensional model. The simulation results show that the dynamic and static tests can not meet the requirements of the regulations. The difficulty of this paper is to optimize the initial structure of school bus seat F01 so that it can fully meet the regulations. Based on the animation and displacement curve of a foreign school bus seat test, the frame structure of school bus seat F01 is analyzed, and the improvement scheme is put forward. At the same time, the influence degree of different hardness foam on the damage of dummy is preliminarily explored and selected, and the improved structure scheme is finally determined. The dynamic and static simulation of its structure fully meets the requirements of the regulations. At present, the car seat of the school has been produced in bulk. Put into the market. Through the school bus seat modeling and simulation analysis, greatly reduce the repeated test and design, improve the design efficiency. The design simulation scheme in this paper is based on the requirements of the new school bus standards. It has universal practicability, other kinds of school bus seats or adult passenger seats can also be used for reference, which has certain practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U463.836

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