燃料电池汽车动力系统匹配及控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 09:50

本文选题：燃料电池　切入点：能量存储器　出处：《中北大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统汽车尾气排放及能源消耗造成了严重的环境和能源危机,而燃料电池汽车因其零污染和原料来源广泛的优点成为当前汽车领域的研究重点。本文以某国产经济型轿车为原型,在不改变基本参数和性能目标的基础上,将其设计为燃料电池汽车,并对其动力系统和控制策略进行了数值研究,为后续的探究提供了参考与借鉴。本文首先确定了燃料电池+能量存储器的双动力源结构,并计算分析了不同结构的驱动效率,确定了最优结构形式。其次,剖析了燃料电池系统的结构,阐述了其基本工作原理,选取了燃料电池汽车的主要动力元部件。然后,通过原车仿真与试验结果对比,验证了本文采用的数值计算方法的可靠性,并在MATLAB/Simulink平台上搭建燃料电池整车仿真模型及各动力元件模型。通过计算获得了驱动电机的主要参数,利用ADVISOR对整车进行仿真分析,解决了燃料电池汽车动力源功率分配与能量存储器的选配的问题。最后,对比分析了功率跟随式与开关控制式两种控制策略,阐述了功率跟随式在ADVISOR的实现过程,并对两种控制策略进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,①动力源的功率分配不同得出的性能指标也不同,通过对比分析确定了一组最优的分配方案;②在电量保持的燃料电池系统中,蓄电池较高的比能量并不具有优势,因为汽车的续航里程主要取决于氢气罐的容量,而超级电容器具有较高的比功率,能够同时提高经济性和加速性能,因此燃料电池+超级电容器更具有优势。③采用功率跟随式控制策略在整车动力性和经济性方面优于开关控制式,解决了蓄能器过充过放问题,降低了燃料电池频繁开启,保证动力输出要求。
[Abstract]:Traditional automobile exhaust emissions and energy consumption have caused a serious environmental and energy crisis. Fuel cell vehicle has become the focus of research in automobile field because of its advantages of zero pollution and wide source of raw materials. In this paper, a domestic economy car is used as prototype, without changing the basic parameters and performance objectives. It is designed as a fuel cell vehicle, and its power system and control strategy are numerically studied, which provides a reference for further research. Firstly, the dual power source structure of fuel cell energy storage is determined in this paper. The driving efficiency of different structures is calculated and analyzed, and the optimal structure is determined. Secondly, the structure of fuel cell system is analyzed, its basic working principle is expounded, and the main power components of fuel cell vehicle are selected. The reliability of the numerical calculation method used in this paper is verified by comparing the results of the original vehicle simulation with the test results, and the fuel cell vehicle simulation model and various power element models are built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The main parameters of the driving motor are obtained by calculation. The problem of power distribution and energy storage allocation of fuel cell vehicle is solved by using ADVISOR simulation analysis. Finally, two control strategies, power following and switching control, are compared and analyzed. The realization process of power follower in ADVISOR is described, and two control strategies are simulated. The results show that the performance index of power distribution of power source is different. Through comparison and analysis, it is determined that a group of optimal distribution schemes can be used in fuel cell systems where the electric quantity is maintained. The higher specific energy of the battery does not have an advantage, because the vehicle's range of life depends mainly on the capacity of the hydrogen tank. Supercapacitors have high specific power and can improve both economy and acceleration performance. Therefore, the fuel cell supercapacitor has the advantage that the power following control strategy is superior to the switching control strategy in power performance and economy of the whole vehicle, which solves the problem of the accumulator overcharge and overdischarge and reduces the frequent opening of the fuel cell. Ensure power output requirements.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U469.72

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